r 


Tfl£  LIBRARY 
OF  THE 

O.WERSJTT  OF  ILUKSIS 

Kingsley 


ADDITIONS  TO  THE  TUEB  ELLARIA, 
NEMERTINA,  ASD  ANNELIDA 
OF  THE  BERMUDAS. 

[plate  lxs.] 


By  A.  E.  Verrill,  Professor  of  Zoology,  Yale  University, 
New  Haven,  Conn. 


[From  the  Transactions  of  the  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Vol.  X,  Part  2,  November,  1900.] 


rilt  library 


XVIII— Addii  riONS  TO  tiie  Turbellaria,  Nemertina,  and 
Annelida  of  the  Bermudas,  with  Revisions  of  some  New 
England  Genera  and  Species.  By  A.  E.  Verrill. 

Very  little  has  hitherto  been  published  concerning  the  Turbellaria 
and  Nemertina  of  the  Bermudian  fauna.*  Both  these  groups  seem 
to  be  sparingly  represented  there,  though  some  of  the  species  are  of 
special  interest. 

Particular  efforts  were  made  by  our  party  to  make  good  collec- 
tions of  these  groups  and  of  the  Annelida.  Yet  of  the  two  former 
groups  we  found  only  three  planarians  and  four  or  five  nemerteans. 
The  nemerteans  were  all  of  rather  small  size  and  inconspicuous 
coloration,  contrary  to  what  is  usually  the  case  in  the  warmer  seas. 


Leptoplana  lactoalba,  sp.  nov. 

Body,  when  extended  in  life,  long-lanceolate  or  narrow-oblong, 
very  flat,  with  thin  undulated  edges.  Ocelli  rather  numerous, 


arranged  in  two  parallel  series,  each  series  having  a rounded  cluster 
near  the  posterior  end  and  about  two  separated  larger  ocelli  in  line 
behind  each  cluster. 

Color,  translucent  milk-white. 

Length,  in  life,  30-50mm  ; width,  10-12mm. 

Under  stones  and  corals  on  the  reefs,  1898. 

Similar  to  Leptoplana  pallida  of  the  Gulf  of  Naples. 

* A small  terrestrial  nemertean  ( Tetrastemma  agricola  W.  Sulim)  was  dis- 
covered at  Bermuda,  by  the  naturalists  of  the  Challenger.  It  occurs  in  brackish 
moist  localities  under  stones,  etc.  (See  Mosley,  Notes  by  a Naturalist,  p.  26.) 


TURBELLARIA ; DENDROCCELA. 


Figure  9. — Leptoplana  lactoalba.  x 134* 


50176 


596 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , N’emertina , and 


Pseudoceros  superbus  Lang. 

Lang,  Die  Polycladen,  Fauna  und  Flora  des  Golfes  von  Neapel,  p.  540,  pi.  v, 
fig.  5;  pi.  xxi,  figs.  2,  14 ; pi.  xxii,  figs.  1,  2,  3,  6,  pi.  xxx,  fig.  18. 

Plate  LXX.  Figure  5. 

Three  specimens  of  this  large  and  handsome  species  were  obtained. 
We  found  it  difficult  to  preserve  well  by  any  of  the  ordinary 
methods,  either  in  alcohol  or  formalin.  It  is  soft,  thin,  and  very 
mutable  in  form. 

Its  color,  in  life,  is  a very  rich,  dark,  purplish  black  or  very  dark 
maroon,  with  a velvety  appearance,  bordered  all  around  with  a nar- 
row marginal  band  of  bright  orange,  edged  with  light  orange, 
while  the  extreme  edge  is  purplish  brown ; under  side  brownish 
purple. 

Length,  in  life,  50  to  60mm ; breadth,  25  to  30mm. 

Under  stones  at  and  just  below  low-tide,  usually  associated  with  a 
dark  botrylloid  compound  ascidian  or  with  a dark  purplish  sponge, 
with  both  of  which  it  corresponds  closely  in  color. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  species  of  Bermudian  marine  invertebrates 
which  appear  to  be  certainly  identical  with  Mediterranean  species, 
though  many  are  closely  related.  Among  the  nemerteans  there  is 
another  case  of  this  same  kind  ( Tceniosoma  curium  Hubr.). 

Pseudoceros  pardalis,  sp.  nov. 

Plate  LXX.  Figures  6,  6a. 

A large,  broad  species,  covered  with  yellow  spots. 

Body,  as  preserved,  broadly  elliptical  or  oblong-ovate,  subtruncate 
anteriorly,  with  thin  undulated  margins.  Ocelli  numerous. 

Color,  in  alcohol,  brownish  black,  covered  with  numerous  round, 
pale  yellow  spots  (probably  bright  yellow  in  life).  Length,  60mm  ; 
breadth,  40mni. 

The  only  specimen  of  this  fine  species  was  collected  many  years 
ago  by  Dr.  C.  Hartt  Merriam  and  presented  by  him  to  the  Museum 
of  Yale  University. 


NEMERTINA. 

The  most  interesting  nemertean,  as  well  as  the  most  common, 
appears  to  be  identical  with  a Mediterranean  species  of  wide  dis- 
tribution. Mr.  W.  R.  Coe,  who  has  studied  the  Naples  nemerteans 
in  the  Biological  Station,  made  sections  of  my  Bermudian  specimens 
for  comparison.  lie  has  given  me  the  following  synonymy  and 
memoranda  concerning  this  species: — 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


597 


Taeniosoma  curtum  (Hubrecht)  Coe. 


Polia  curta  Hubrecht,  Genera  of  European  Nemerteans  critically  revised, 
Notes  Leyden  Museum,  1879. 

Eupolia  marmorata  Burger,  Unters.  ueber  Anat.  u.  Histol.  der  Nemertinen, 
Zeitschr.  wiss.  Zool.,  vol.  1,  1890. 

Eupolia  curta  Joubin,  Les  Nemertiens,  Faune  Frangaise,  Paris,  1894.  Bur- 
ger, Nemertinen,  Fauna  und  Flora  des  Golfes  von  Neapel,  Monogr.  22, 
1895. 

Plate  LXX.  Figure  8. 

“The  specimens  obtained  in  Bermuda  belong  to  the  more  slender 
variety  of  the  species,  and  show  numerous  sharply-marked,  but  inter- 
rupted, longitudinal  lines.  Both  in  their  ex- 
ternal appearance  and  internal  organization 
these  specimens  exhibit  a close  resemblance 
to  Taeniosoma  delineatum  (=  Polia  delineata 
Delle  Chiaje,* * * §  = Eupolia  delineata  Hub- 
rechtf),  and  in  many  respects  are  intermed- 
iate between  the  two  species.  The  Bermu- 
dian form  agrees  in  detail  with  the  specimen 
collected  at  Mauritius  and  drawn  by  Moebius.J 
The  species  has  a wide  range  of  distribution. 

It  is  common  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  has  Figure  10. -Teeniosoma  cur- 
been  recorded,  also,  from  Mauritius,  Chili, 

Samoa,  Fiji  Islands,  and  other  localities  in 
the  tropical  and  subtropical  seas  of  both  hemispheres. 

T.  delineatum  has  an  even  greater  range  of  distribution  than  has 
T.  curtum , and  is  commonly  found  associated  with  it.  From  my 
experience  with  Naples  forms  I am  somewhat  doubtful  whether 
this  is  specifically  distinct  from  Taeniosoma  curtum.”§ 

When  fully  extended  in  life  our  larger  specimens  were  250  to 
300ram  long;  they  were  quite  slender  and  flattened,  about  2 to  3m,n 
broad,  but  changeable  ; the  head  is  usually  a little  broader  than  the 
body,  and  subacute.  In  contraction  the  body  is  nearly  round. 
General  tint,  to  the  naked  eye,  is  light  smoky  brown,  yellowish 
brown,  or  chocolate-brown,  due  to  numerous  narrow  alternating 


turn;  a , dorsal;  b,  ventral 
views  of  the  head,  x 4. 


* Memorie  sulla  storia  e notomia  degli  animali  senza  vertebre  del  regno  di 
Napoli,  Naples,  1823-28. 

f Voyage  of  the  Challenger,  Nemertea,  Zool.,  vol.  xix,  1887. 

\ Burger,  Beitr.  zur  Anat.,  etc.,  der  Nemertinen,  Zeits.  wiss.  Zool.,  Ixi,  1895. 

§ The  generic  name  Teeniosoma  Stimpson,  1854,  Proc.  Philad.  Acad.  Sci.,  ix, 
has  evident  priority  over  all  other  names  proposed  for  this  genus. 


598 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turlellaria , Nemertina , and 


stripes  of  dark  chocolate-brown  and  grayish  or  yellowish  white. 
About  100  minute  ocelli  in  each  lateral  group. 

Common  in  shell-sand  at  low-tide  and  also  in  cavities  in  dead 
corals. 

Lineus  albocinctus,  sp.  nov. 

Plate  LXX.  Figures  1,  la,  lb. 

Body  not  very  long,  slender,  tapered  posteriorly,  a little  flattened; 
head  usually  a little  wider  than  body  and  more  depressed.  Ocelli 
small,  about  4 or  5 in  a single  series  on  each  side  of  the  head. 
Lateral  fossae  large  and  long. 

Color  dark  smoky-brown  or  nearly  black,  crossed  by  about  20 
white  rings,  which  become  like  narrow  white  lines  in  contraction; 
neck  usually  with  a wider  white  band  ; head  with  white  edges  and 
a median  white  dorsal  spot.  Under  side  whitish. 

Length,  in  extension,  35  to  50mm ; diameter,  about  1 to  1.5mm. 
Low-tide,  among  corallines. 

Lineus  albonasus,  sp.  nov. 

Plate  LXX.  Figure  2. 

Body  small,  very  slender,  tapering  posteriorly;  head  not  enlarged. 
Ocelli  usually  two  on  each  side,  in  the  white  patch. 

Color  red,  usually  brownish  red  anteriorly,  and  becomes  light 
cherry -red  posteriorly  ; front  of  head  clear  white  above. 

Length,  in  extension,  about  35mm  ; diameter  lmm  or  less. 

Bailey  Bay,  at  low-tide. 

Another  nemertean,  100  to  150mm  long  and  about  3rain  in  diameter, 
in  extension,  was  found  at  low-tide  in  tenacious  tubes  coated  with 
shell-sand.  It  is  light  orange-yellow  anteriorly,  becoming  pale 
ochre-yellow  posteriorly.  Proboscis  long  and  slender.  It  is  prob- 
ably a Lineus , but  has  not  been  carefully  studied. 


ANNELIDA. 

The  annelids  are  numerous  at  Bermuda,  but  our  collection  has 
not  yet  been  fully  studied.  It  includes  over  110  species.  A list 
of  Bermudian  annelids  was  published  by  Prof.  II.  E.  W ebster*  in 

* The  Annelida  from  Bermuda  collected  by  Mr.  G.  Brown  Goode,  Bulletin  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  25,  p.  307,  pi.  vii-xii,  1884. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


599 


1884,  based  on  the  collection  made  by  Mr.  G.  Brown  Goode  in  1872. 
This  list  included  26  species,  of  which  13  were  described  as  new. 

Five  species,  viz  : Podarhe  obscura  Yer. ; Arabella  opalina  Ver., 
Arenicola  cristata  Stimp.  ; Enoplobranchus  sanguineus  Ver.  ; Ily- 
droides  dianthus  Ver.  are  found,  also,  on  the  southern  New  England 
coast,  but  probably  range  southward  to  the  West  Indies.  The 
balance  are  known  West  Indian  species. 

M’Intosh,  in  Report  Voy.  Challenger,  Annelida,  vol.  xii,  1885, 
records  13  littoral  species  of  Bermuda  annelids,  some  of  which  are 
identical  with  those  of  Webster’s  list. 

One  of  the  larger  and  more  conspicuous  forms  is  Protidides 
elegans  W.,  which  projects  from  its  tough  tubes  large  and  ele- 
gantly formed  branchial  plumes,  as  brilliant  and  varied  in  colors  as 
carnations.  It  is  common  on  the  reefs,  its  tubes  being  contained  in 
dead  corals.  It  is  also  found  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina. 

Another  large  species  is  Terebella  magnifica  W.,  which  lives 
buried  in  shell-sand  at  low-tide.  In  life  its  large  flaccid  body,  which 
is  pale  flesh-color  or  nearly  white,  is  often  12  to  16  inches  long  and 
about  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  while  its  numerous  white  tentacular 
cirri  can  be  extended  more  than  a foot  in  every  direction.  This 
belongs  to  Polymnia  Malmg.  or  Eupolymnia  Ver. 

The  Ilermodice  carunculata  Kinb.  is  a large,  stout  species,  densely 
covered  with  sharp,  white  calcareous  setae,  with  red  gills  between 
them.  It  is  very  common  under  stones  at  low-tide. 

Girratulus  grandis  Verrill,  a large  yellowish  green  or  olive-green 
worm,  with  numerous  long  orange-red  cirri,  is  common  at  low-tide  in 
sand,  especially  in  stony  places.  It  agrees  perfectly  with  New 
England  specimens.  It  is  not  in  Webster’s  list. 

In  our  collection  there  are  three  species  of  Phyllodocidie  and 
more  than  twenty-five  of  Syllidae,  including  ten  species  of  Syllis. 
These  families  are  not  included  in  Webster’s  list. 

Polynoe  pustulata  M’lnt.  = Polynoe  granulata  Elders  = Halo- 
sydna  leucohyba  Web.,  non  Schmarda,  a large  scaly  species,  was 
common,  living  as  a commensal  in  the  tubes  of  a large  Eunice,  in 
dead  corals. 

Miss  K.  J.  Bush  has  identified  the  following  species  in  our  collec- 
tion that  are  new  to  the  fauna  : 

Nereis  articulata  Ehl.  Marphysa  Goodsiri  ? M’lnt. 

Nereis  Antillensis  M’lnt.  Bumbrinereis  Floridan a Ehl. 

Trypanosyllis  vittigera  Ehl.  Branchiomma  lobiferum  Ehl. 

Eunice  violaceomaculata  Ehl.  Eupomatus  uncinatus  (Phil.)  Ehl. 


600 


A.  JE.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Additional  unrecorded  species  occurred  in  the  following  genera: — 

Nereis.  Cirratulus. 

Leodice  or  Eunice , 7 sp.  Aricia. 

Marphysa,  2 sp.  Anthostoma  or  Scoloplos. 

Arabella.  Sabella. 


The  following  genera,  hither 
are  represented  in  our  collection 

Chrysopetalum. 

Stkenelais. 

Eulalia. 

Phyllodoce. 

Eteone. 

Autolytus,  2 sp. 

Syllis,  10  sp. 

Haplosyllis,  2 sp. 

Eusyllis,  2 sp. 

Desmosyllis,  g.  nov. 

Trypanosyllis,  8 sp. 

Hemisyllis,  g.  nov. 

Op  istho  syllis. 

Odontosyllis,  2 sp. 

Branchiosyllis. 

Grubeosyllis,  n.  nov.  2 sp. 
Lysidice. 

Paramarphysa. 

Heteromarphysa,  g.  nov. 
Nematonereis. 

Lumbrinereis,  2 sp. 

The  following  are  some  of 
the  Syllidae  and  Eunicidte. 


to  unrecorded  from  the  Bermudas, 
by  undetermined  or  new  species  : — 

Staurocephalus  or  Staurinereis,  n.  nov. 
2 sp. 

Cirrhinereis  or  Cirronereis. 

Heterocirrus. 

Capitella 

Notomastus. 

Clymene  or  Euclymene , n.  nov. 

Axiothea  or  Axiothella,  n.  nov. 

Polydora. 

Pectinaria. 

Loimia. 

Eugrymcea,  g.  nov. 

Protothelepus,  g.  nov. 

Nicolea. 

Polymniella , g.  nov. 

Polycirrus , 3 sp. 

Frotula,  2 sp. 

Vermilia , 2 sp. 

Filigrana. 

Spirorbis,  2 sp. 

new  species*  obtained,  especially  of 


Phyllodoce  Bermudae,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species,  with  cordate-lanceolate  posterior  branchiae 
and  large  caudal  cirri. 

Head  small,  rounded,  both  in  front  and  behind.  The  front  a little 
more  produced.  Antennae  about  equal,  lower  a little  shorter ; upper 
ones  as  long  as  head,  fusiform  with  acuminate  tips  ; tentacular  cirri 
similar  in  form,  but  longer.  P]yes  large,  round,  black,  posteriorly 
placed.  Inferior  branchial  lobes,  on  the  anterior  segments,  oblong- 
ovate,  1^  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  round  blunt  tips;  farther  back 
they  gradually  increase  in  size  and  length,  those  about  the  middle 


* The  illustrations  of  these  species  could  not  be  finished  in  time  for  publica- 
tion in  this  article.  They  will  he  published  in  vol.  xi  of  these  Transactions  in 
connection  with  the  full  report  on  the  Annelida. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


601 


being  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Upper  branchiae  are  preserved  only  on 
the  posterior  third  of  the  body  ; the  most  anterior  seen  are  cordate- 
lanceolate,  one-third  longer  than  broad,  with  blunt  tips;  farther  back 
they  become  narrower  lanceolate.  Caudal  cirri  large,  dark  colored, 
oblong-ovate,  obtuse,  4 times  as  long  as  broad.  Setae  are  long  and 
very  slender,  the  blades  rather  long,  straight,  very  acute. 

The  color  in  formalin  is  reddish  brown  (in  life  probably  green)  ; 
the  branchial  appendages  and  caudal  cirri  are  more  deeply  pigmented 
than  other  parts,  and  nearly  opaque ; a transverse  fusiform  lighter 
spot  exists  between  the  segments,  bounded  by  narrow,  curved,  whitish 
lines  ; there  is  a dark  spot  at  the  dorsal  base  of  the  parapodia,  sur- 
rounded by  a pale  zone. 

Length,  as  preserved,  about  14mm  ; diameter  lmm,  in  life  much 
longer. 

Eulalia  megalops,  sp.  nov. 

A long  and  slender,  dark  green  species  with  very  large  eyes. 

Body  wider  in  the  middle,  tapering  gradually  to  both  ends.  Head 
ovate,  obtuse  in  front,  longer  than  broad.  Eyes  very  large,  black  ; 
four  frontal  antennae  long,  slender,  whitish  ; odd  tentacle  similar  in 
size  ; 4 pairs  of  long,  slender,  tapered  tentacular  cirri,  the  dorsal 
pairs  longer,  in  life  six  times  as  long  as  head.  Branchial  lobes  of 
parapodia  falcate,  long,  narrow,  acute,  curved  upward,  1-J  to  2 times 
as  long  as  breadth  of  body. 

Color,  in  life,  mostly  dark  olive-green  ; branchiae  light  green  ; 
anterior  segments  with  a whitish  transverse  marginal  line  and  a pale 
median  patch.  Length,  in  life,  90mm  ; breadth,  1.5mm. 

Bailey  Bay,  in  dead  corals. 

Syllis  Savigny.  (Including  Typosyllis  and  Ehlersia.*) 

The  genus  Syllis  is  here  taken  to  include  those  species  having 
minutely  bidentate  tips  to  the  terminal  blades  of  the  compound  setae, 
as  well  as  those  in  which  the  tips  are  acute.  In  some  species  both 
forms  occur  on  the  same  individual  and  in  many  cases  the  bidenta- 
tion is  so  slight  as  to  be  visible  only  under  a high  power  objective 
(e.  g.  No.  6,  Zeiss  or  Leitz,  or  J inch  American),  so  that  it  seems 
useless  to  make  this  a generic  character.  Eusyllis  Malmgren  was 
separated  mainly  on  this  account  from  Syllis,  but  the  type  species, 
E.  Blomstrandi  M.,  also  has  the  dorsal  cirri  nearly  smooth  or  with- 

* For  a synoptical  table  of  the  genera  and  subgenera  of  Syllidas  here  described 
see  p.  632. 


602 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , JVemertina,  and 


out  evident  articulation  or  beading,  while  in  true  Syllis  they  are  very 
distinctly  beaded  or  articulated.  This  was  made  the  principal  char- 
acter of  Eusyllis  by  McIntosh.  Langerhans  restricted  it  to  species 
having  the  edge  of  the  oesophagus  denticulated,  and  in  that  sense  it 
is  used  by  me.  All  the  Bermuda  Syllidae  studied  by  me,  except 
Odontosyllis , Autolytus , and  Grubeosyllis , have  distinctly  and 
usually  strongly  articulated  cirri. 

In  most  of  the  following  species  the  blades  are  decidedly  longer  on 
the  upper  than  on  the  lower  setae,  and  they  are  decidedly  shorter  on 
the  posterior  segments  than  on  the  anterior,  so  that  no  very  close 
descriptions  nor  measurements  can  be  briefly  given  that  would  be 
useful.  Nor  are  the  differences  so  marked  as  to  be  very  useful  for 
the  recognition  of  related  species,  even  when  figured,  owing  to  the 
variations  of  each.  The  forms  of  the  palpi,  antennae,  cirri,  oesopha- 
gus, and  stomach  afford  better  characters,  though  these  are  all  able 
to  vary  considerably  by  contraction. 

In  our  species  of  Syllis  the  oesophagus  (or  chitinous  pharynx)  has 
a solitary,  conical,  median  tooth,  and  usually  a smooth  anterior  mar- 
gin, becoming  revolute  when  extruded  from  the  mouth,  but  in  a 
few  the  margin  is  minutely  crenulate,  or  it  may  be  ill  defined,  pass- 
ing gradually  into  the  soft  part. 

More  than  one  species  of  Syllis  was  observed,  in  life,  in  the  process 
of  producing  one  or  more  free  sexual  zooids  by  the  alteration  and 
breaking  away  of  a certain  number  of  posterior  segments,  as  in  Auto- 
lytus , and  some  were  preserved  with  the  fully  formed  zooids  attached. 
These  agree  with  the  genus  Tetraglene.  They  have  large  eyes,  with 
a lens,  but  lack  antennae  and  palpi.  They  have  fascicles  of  long  capil- 
lary setae,  in  addition  to  the  compound  setae,  and  long  beaded  cirri. 
Several  specimens  of  Tetraglene  were  also  taken  in  the  surface  tow- 
ing-net,  in  the  evening,  about  the  last  of  May,  associated  with  the 
allied  form  of  sexual  zooids  known  as  Chcetosyllis. 

But  in  related  species  of  Syllis  ( S . corallicola , S.  catenula , T.  fer- 
tilis ) masses  of  ripe  eggs  were  found  along  the  posterior  half  of  the 
body,  without  any  alteration  of  the  segments,  setae,  or  cirri.  The 
species  of  Syllis  seem,  therefore,  to  differ  widely  in  their  life  his- 
tories. 

Many  of  the  following  species  of  Syllidae  were  obtained  by  break- 
ing up  dead  and  decayed  masses  of  corals,  and  placing  them  in 
dishes  of  water  for  the  annelids  to  crawl  out.  Others  were  obtained 
by  placing  masses  of  living  corallines  and  sponges  in  the  dishes, 
especially  at  night,  for  the  same  purpose. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


603 


Syllis  (Typosyllis)  corallicola,  sp.  nov. 

A large  species  with  long,  strongly  beaded  antennae  and  cirri,  and 
with  a large,  rather  short,  dark  brown,  chitinous  oesophagus  armed 
with  a single  tooth  near  the  emarginate  edge. 

Head  large,  about  one-third  broader  than  long  (1:  1.33  to  1:  1.50 
in  contraction),  frontal  margin  broadly  rounded  and  slightly  three- 
lobed,  the  median  lobe  only  slightly  prominent,  sides  strongly  convex, 
narrowing  backward,  posterior  margin  with  a wide  shallow  emargi- 
nation.  Eyes  conspicuous,  with  lens,  but  not  very  large,  the  ante- 
rior distinctly  larger  and  farther  apart,  those  of  the  same  side  pretty 
near  together.  Palpi  large  and  broad,  separate  to  base  ; when 
extended  the  free  part  is  as  long  as  the  head  or  longer,  ovate-lance- 
olate, slightly  incurved  on  inside,  obtuse  at  the  end.  Odd  antenna 
or  tentacle  long  and  tapered,  about  5 times  as  long  as  the  head,  its 
free  portion  3^  times  as  long  as  that  of  the  palpi,  strongly  beaded, 
the  annuli  about  40,  short  and  not  very  separate  proximally,  but 
becoming  longer  and  very  distinctly  constricted  distally.  Antennae 
about  -g-  shorter  than  the  tentacle,  and  more  slender,  beading  similar, 
the  annuli  broader  than  long.  Dorsal  tentacular  cirri  much  like  the 
tentacle,  but  g-  longer  ; ventral  one  smaller  and  nearly  £ shorter. 
Anterior  dorsal  cirri  are  also  mostly  long  like  the  tentacular  cirri, 
but  farther  back  part  of  them,  alternating  irregularly,  become  shorter; 
the  longer  ones  are  2 to  3 times  as  long  as  the  tentacle  and  equal  to 
twice  the  diameter  of  the  body,  while  the  shorter  ones  are  equal  to 
about  J its  diameter. 

The  setae  are  slender  and  long,  the  upper  ones  with  rather  long, 
narrow,  nearly  straight,  lanceolate  blades,  6 or  8 times  as  long  as 
wide,  with  minutely  bidentate  tips;  the  lower  and  posterior  ones 
have  wider,  bidentate  blades,  often  only  2 or  3 times  as  long  as 
broad.  Anteriorly  3 or  4 spiniform  acicula  occur  in  each  fascicle ; 
1 or  2 posteriorly. 

The  oesophagus  (or  chitinous  proboscis)  is  stout,  moderately  long, 
occupying  10-12  segments,  often  wrinkled  or  crumpled  in  con- 
tracted specimens,  dark  brown,  its  anterior  edge  not  denticulated, 
but  with  a ventral  emargination  ; the  median  tooth  is  rather  large 
and  a little  back  from  the  edge.  The  stomach  is  long,  occupying 
14-17  segments,  in  preserved  specimens  about  g-  longer  than  the 
oesophagus  and  decidedly  stouter,  a little  wider  in  the  middle,  cov- 
ered with  dense  rows  of  dark  rounded  granules  or  glands. 

Color,  in  formalin,  yellowish  white ; the  annuli  of  the  cirri  have 
groups  of  pale  greenish  pigment  cells. 

Length  up  to  1.5  inches  or  more  (or  40mm;)  diameter,  2-3mm. 

Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  Yol.  X.  December,  1900. 

40 


604 


A.  JE.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Yar.  lineolata,  nov. 

This  variety  occurs  with  the  preceding  form,  from  which  it  differs- 
chiefly  in  color.  The  cirri  and  antennae  are  equally  long,  and  the 
setae  have  the  same  forms.  In  formalin  each  anterior  segment  i& 
crossed  close  to  the  anterior  edge  by  a narrow  brown  line  ; another 
similar  transverse  brown  line  runs  across  the  middle  of  the  segments, 
but  does  not  reach  the  sides ; behind  the  middle  of  the  body  these 
lines  gradually  fade  out.  In  some  specimens  they  are  rather  faint 
even  anteriorly.  The  color  in  life  was  not  noted.  Both  varieties 
were  common  in  the  cavities  of  dead  corals,  from  the  reefs ; also  in 
corallines. 

Syllis  grandigularis,  sp.  nov. 

This  closely  agrees  in  size  and  appearance  and  in  its  setse,  with 
S.  corallicola.  It  differs  in  having  a larger  and  broader  head, 
widest  in  front  of  the  eyes,  which  are  black  and  in  a trapeze,  and 
especially  in  the  very  large  size  of  the  oesophagus  and  stomach,  and 
their  structure.  The  oesophagus  is  nearly  as  long  and  almost  as 
thick  as  the  stomach,  and  nearly  fills  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  ; 
its  margin  is  nearly  even  and  entire,  but  appears  to  be  minutely 
crenulated  when  extruded,  and  the  median  tooth  is  very  large,  blunt- 
conical,  and  projects  one-third  of  its  length  beyond  the  margin  of 
the  extruded  proboscis.  The  stomach  is  elongated,  tapering  a little 
toward  both  ends;  it  occupies  8 segments;  its  surface  is  covered 
with  numerous  close,  confused  and  irregular  rows  of  cells,*  but  they 
do  not  form  regular,  rounded  groups,  as  in  most  other  species. 

The  antennae  and  cirri  are  all  long  and  slender, — more  slender  than 
in  S.  corallicola  and  S.  catenula , — and  composed  of  numerous  round 
strongly  pigmented  beads,  about  as  long  as  broad.  The  posterior 
setae  are  longer  than  the  anterior  with  strongly  incurved  acute 
blades  on  the  lower  ones.  Allied  to  S.  annularis , also. 

Length,  in  formalin,  18mm. 

Syllis  (Typosyllis)  catenula,  sp.  nov. 

A smaller  and  more  slender  species  than  the  preceding  with  rather 
shorter  cirri,  long  palpi,  and  a rather  longer  and  more  cylindrical 
oesophagus,  armed  with  a small  tooth  close  to  the  entire  and  even 
margin,  usually  with  linked  markings  on  back,  often  causing  three 
rows  of  pale  spots.  Head  about  one-half  wider  than  long  (ratio 


* According  to  some  observers  these  are  radial  muscular  cells,  not  glandular. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


605 


1:1.45),  the  front  edge  usually  slightly  and  broadly  three-lobed, 
sometimes  rounded  ; sides  evenly  rounded  ; posterior  strongly  emar- 
ginate.  Eyes  rather  small,  the  pairs  far  apart,  those  of  each  side 
close  together,  the  anterior  larger  and  more  lateral,  with  lens.  Palpi 
large  and  long,  divergent,  lanceolate,  somewhat  falcate,  with  a broad 
base,  blunt  end  and  incurved  inner  margin  ; the  free  part  usually 
projects  £ more  than  the  length  of  the  head.  Tentacle  tapered,  mod- 
erately long,  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  head,  about  ^ of  its  length 
projects  beyond  the  palpi,  strongly  and  elegantly  beaded,  with  20-22 
annuli,  these  are  2 to  2%  times  as  broad  as  long  distally,  each  with 
pigmented  cells.  Antennae  similar,  with  the  same  beading,  J to  -J 
shorter  and  smaller,  projecting  only  a little  beyond  the  extended 
palpi.  Dorsal  tentacular  cirri  similar  to  tentacle  but  about  longer, 
with  28-30  annuli;  lower  ones  about  -J  as  long.  First  dorsal  cirri 
still  longer,  about  lj  times  as  long  as  the  tentacle,  with  30  or  more 
annuli.  Several  others  on  the  anterior  segments  are  nearly  as  long, 
but  alternate  irregularly  with  much  shorter  ones,  } to  f as  long,  all 
becoming  rather  shorter  posteriorly ; the  longer  ones  are  about  twice 
as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body.  Caudal  cirri  long  and  slender, 
beaded  like  the  dorsal  cirri  and  equally  long,  but  more  slender. 
Setae  slender,  the  upper  ones  with  nearly  straight,  narrow  lanceolate 
blades,  4 or  5 times  as  long  as  wide,  with  slightly  bidentate  incurved 
tips,  sometimes  entire  ; the  ventral  and  most  posterior  setae  have  the 
blades  much  shorter.  Acicula  usually  2-4,  spiniform. 

(Esophagus  rather  long  and  slender,  occupying  10-12  segments,  in 
extension  lj  times  the  length  of  the  stomach,  but  it  is  sometimes 
made  shorter  and  wrinkled  in  contracted  specimens,  so  that  it  may 
be  scarcely  longer  than  the  stomach.  When  protruded  from  the 
mouth  the  aperture  is  flaring  with  the  margin  even,  entire,  and  often 
revolute ; the  tooth  is  small,  acute,  near  the  edge  and  sometimes 
projects  beyond  it  when  everted.  The  soft  membranous  proboscis 
when  everted  shows  about  10  rather  broad  obtuse  denticles  or  lobes, 
the  6 dorsal  ones  larger.  Stomach  long,  cylindrical,  usually  occupying 
6 to  8 segments,  usually  shorter  than  the  oesophagus  and  distinctly 
larger,  covered  with  close  rows  of  rounded  glandules.  Color,  in  for- 
malin, yellowish  white,  each  segment  anteriorly  marked  dorsally  with 
two  curved  transverse  lines  of  brown,  which  converge  and  blend  into 
a spot  on  the  middle  of  each  segment,  and  also  unite  at  the  sides,  so 
as  to  enclose,  on  each  side,  an  elliptical  pale  spot,  and  leave  a similar 
spot  between  the  segments  along  the  middle  of  the  back ; thus  there 
are  three  alternating  rows  of  pale  spots  along  the  back,  but  these 


606  A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , cmc? 

fade  out  posteriorly  and  are  often  indistinct  anteriorly.  Color,  in 
life,  was  not  noted.  One  9 was  found  filled  with  eggs. 

Length  of  preserved  specimens  usually  20-25mm;  diameter,  .75  to 

jmm 

Common  among  corallines  and  in  dead  corals. 

Syllis  jugularis,  sp.  nov. 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  S.  catenula , with  which  it  agrees 
very  nearly  in  its  cirri  and  setae.  It  is  somewhat  smaller  and  more 
slender.  The  most  obvious  difference  is  found  in  the  oesophagus, 
which  is  much  longer  and  more  slender  than  that  of  the  latter.  It 
is  straight  and  rather  narrow,  nearly  cylindrical,  with  a basal  swell- 
ing and  an  even,  entire,  expanded  or  flaring  margin.  Its  tooth  is  very 
small,  conic,  close  to  the  edge,  or  projecting  a little  beyond  it. 
When  extruded  its  base  is  at  the  14th  segment  and  its  margin  pro- 
jects much  beyond  the  head.  The  stomach  is  much  shorter  (about 
one-half  as  long),  and  occupies  about  7 segments.  It  is  cylindrical 
and  has  numerous  regular  rows  of  rounded  groups  of  cells. 

Length,  12mm. 

Syllis  (Typosyllis)  diplomorpha,  sp.  nov. 

A large  elongated  species  which  produces  Tetraglene-zooids  by  pos- 
terior fission.  Proboscis  pale  colored,  short,  stout,  shorter  than 
stomach. 

Head  large,  nearly  as  long  as  wide,  narrowed  behind  middle, 
three-lobed  anteriorly,  broadly  and  strongly  emarginate  posteriorly 
(ratio  in  type  1:1.15).  Eyes  black,  large,  the  anterior  at  least  twice 
as  large  as  the  others  and  considerably  farther  apart,  but  only  a little 
more  in  advance,  the  distance  between  the  two  about  equal  to  the 
diameter  of  the  anterior  eyes ; posterior  eyes  just  behind  bases  of 
antennae.  Palpi  divergent,  large  and  broad,  about  as  long  as  the 
head,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  incurved  on  the  inside.  Tentacle  long,  3^ 
times  as  long  as  the  head,  regularly  beaded.  Antennae  similar,  but 
shorter,  about  2 J times  the  length  of  the  head ; upper  tentacular  cirri 
about  equal  to  the  tentacle  ; lower  equal  to  the  antennae.  First  and 
fourth  dorsal  cirri  long,  about  J longer  than  the  upper  tentacular 
cirri  ; 3d  and  4th  are  somewhat  shorter,  about  equal  to  the  tentacle  ; 
farther  back  the  dorsal  cirri  are  shorter,  more  slender  and  tapered, 
and  unequal,  the  longer  ones  in  the  middle  of  the  body  are  about 
equal  to  f the  diameter  of  the  corresponding  segments ; the  shorter 
ones  about  half  as  long. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


607 


Setae  are  long  and  abundant ; the  upper  anterior  ones  have  narrow 
lanceolate  blades,  3 to  4 times  as  long  as  broad,  with  slightly  biden- 
tate  tips  ; the  lower  ones  are  only  about  2 times  as  long  as  broad, 
with  incurved  tips. 

The  oesophagus  is  stout  and  rather  short,  occupying  7 segments, 
cylindrical,  about  ^ shorter  than  stomach  and  nearly  as  thick  ; it  is 
unusually  translucent,  lacks  the  brown  chitinous  color  seen  in  most 
species  ; its  tooth  is  near  the  margin,  which  is  not  well  defined,  but 
seems  to  be  entire.  The  stomach  is  long  and  thick,  cylindrical,  and 
occupies  9 segments  ; it  is  crossed  by  numerous  crowded  rows  of 
rounded  granules. 

Color  of  type,  in  formalin,  pale  greenish  brown,  each  anterior  seg- 
ment crossed  by  a pale  narrow  sutural  line  and  sometimes  by  a 
darker  brown  middle  line  ; posterior  half  of  the  body  has  a row  of 
squarish  spots  along  each  side  at  the  bases  of  the  parapodia.  Length, 
30mm;  diameter,  1.5mm. 

The  posterior  end,  in  the  type,  is  changed  into  a Tetraglene- 
zooid,  back  of  the  110th  setigerous  segment.  The  new  head  has 
four  very  large  and  prominent  black  eyes  with  lens,  but  lacks  all 
other  appendages,  the  eyes  are  in  contact  on  each  side.  There  is  no 
buccal  segment,  the  first  segment  is  very  short  and  has  setae.  All 
the  20  segments  bear  fascicles  of  long,  slender  capillary  setae,  longer 
than  the  breadth  of  the  body,  and  a smaller  number  of  compound 
setae.  The  dorsal  cirri  have  been  lost. 

The  parapodia  are  large  and  prominent,  as  long  as  half  the  breadth 
of  the  segments. 

Syllis  (Tetraglene),  sp. 

In  a small  collection  of  plankton,  taken  in  the  latter  part  of  May, 
there  are  several  specimens  of  a Tetraglene  somewhat  similar  to  the 
above,  but  evidently  a distinct  species. 

The  head  is  much  shorter  and  smaller,  with  very  much  smaller, 
separated,  light  brown  eyes.  The  body  itself  is  larger  and  much 
stouter,  with  24  crowded,  broad  segments  and  short,  rounded  para- 
podia. The  dorsal  cirri  equal  about  \ the  breadth  of  the  segments, 
and  are  regularly  beaded  and  tapered.  The  caudal  cirri  are  not 
tapered,  as  long  as  the  dorsal  cirri,  and  strongly  beaded  with  about 
10  annuli,  the  distal  beads  are  nearly  round.  Large  fascicles  of 
slender  compound  setae  are  present  on  all  the  segments,  with  short 
terminal  blades,  1{  to  2 times  as  long  as  broad,  part  of  them  very 
minutely  bidentate  at  tip.  No  capillary  seta?  are  present  on  either 
specimen.  A row  of  rather  dark,  round  spots  runs  along  each  side, 
a spot  being  at  the  base  of  each  parapodium. 


608 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Syllis  (Chaetosyllis),  sp. 

Several  specimens  of  sexual  zooids  with  two  antennae,  but  other- 
wise like  Tetraglene , were  taken  at  the  surface.  They  probably 
belong  to  some  species  of  Syllis. 

Syllis  (Typosyllis)  annularis,  sp.  nov. 

A small  species  with  long  slender  antennae  and  dorsal  cirri,  banded 
with  dark  green,  and  with  long  fascicles  of  setae,  the  posterior  ones 
longer  and  stouter  with  short,  strongly  incurved,  acute  blades;  oeso- 
phagus short,  wide,  brown,  with  a long  acute  tooth. 

Head  large,  broader  than  long,  widest  at  the  front,  opposite  ante- 
rior eyes,  narrowed  backward ; front  margin  broadly  rounded ; pos- 
terior margin  broadly  emarginate.  Eyes  not  very  large,  pale  brown, 
the  anterior  a little  larger  and  separated  from  the  posterior  by  a 
space  equal  to  their  diameter  ; a minute  brown  pigment  speck  at  the 
base  of  each  palpus  may  represent  the  third  pair  of  eyes.  Palpi 
large  with  broad  swollen  bases,  rather  longer  than  the  head,  abruptly 
narrowed  on  inside,  at  about  the  proximal  third,  blunt  at  tip. 

Tentacle  stout,  a little  tapered,  about  -j-  longer  than  the  palpi, 
strongly  annulated,  with  about  20  annuli ; the  distal  ones  longer 
than  broad.  Antennae  similar,  a little  shorter,  the  ends  reaching  to 
within  two  or  three  distal  annuli  of  the  tentacle  tip.  Upper  ten- 
tacular cirri  rather  longer  than  tentacle,  but  of  the  same  thickness; 
lower  one  somewhat  shorter.  First  dorsal  cirrus  larger  and  about  ^ 
longer  than  tentacle,  of  about  38  annuli,  the  distal  half  a little 
stouter  than  the  proximal ; most  of  the  cirri  on  the  first  eight  seg- 
ments are  similar  to  those  of  the  first,  or  even  longer,  or  about  ^ 
longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  body  ; some  still  longer  and  more 
slender  occur  even  back  of  the  middle,  conposed  of  48  to  52  annuli, 
with  others  about  § as  long,  of  38  annuli,  but  the  shorter  ones 
usually  exceed  the  breadth  of  the  body. 

Setae  of  anterior  segments  are  in  large  fascicles  of  5 to  10,  all 
compound,  but  with  about  3 stouter  acicula  that  project  but  little  or 
not  at  all  ; the  upper  setae  have  narrow  lanceolate,  slightly  curved 
blades,  6 to  7 times  as  long  as  wide,  with  minutely  bidentate  tips  ; the 
lower  ones  have  wider  and  shorter  blades,  length  to  breadth  about  3 
or  4:1,  with  strongly  incurved,  acute,  claw-like  tips;  posteriorly 
most  of  the  setae  are  longer  with  stouter  stems,  but  the  lower  Ones 
are  shorter ; there  are  about  6-8  in  a fascicle,  with  two  or  three 
stouter  spiniform  acicula,  projecting  but  little  ; the  upper  set® 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


609 


have  stout  curved  blades,  about  3 or  4 times  as  long  as  broad, 
with  strongly  incurved  acute  tips  ; the  lower  ones  have  shorter, 
much  curved,  acute,  claw-like  blades,  2 or  3 times  as  long  as  broad. 

The  oesophagus  is  brown,  large,  stout,  nearly  cylindrical,  a little 
contracted  at  each  end,  about  ^ shorter  than  the  stomach  and  § as 
broad,  occupying  9 segments  ; anterior  margin  is  entire  or  feebly 
crenulate,  a little  emarginate  dorsally ; the  median  tooth  is  large, 
long,  acute,  with  a wide  ovate  base.  The  stomach  is  large,  longer 
than  the  oesophagus,  occupying  8 segments,  cylindrical,  a little 
swollen  posteriorly,  covered  with  numerous  interrupted,  irregular, 
or  poorly  defined  rows  of  minute  cells,  not  arranged  in  very  definite 
groups. 

A caudal  region  of  about  14  new  and  small  segments  is  being 
regenerated  on  the  type. 

Length  of  one  specimen  (32  segments,  caudal  segments  lacking), 
7.5mm;  breadth,  .75mm;  length  of  oesophagus,  1.38mm  ; of  stomach, 
1.6mm.  Another  specimen  (type  described)  with  57  segments  and 
partly  regenerated  caudal  region  is  14.5mm  long  ; lram  broad  ; length 
of  oesophagus,  1.40ram;  of  stomach,  1.60mm. 

Color,  in  formalin,  is  translucent  whitish;  the  cirri  appear  dis- 
tinctly banded  with  8 to  10  small  dark  green  spots,  every  fourth 
annulus  having  a very  distinct,  darkly  pigmented  area. 

Rare— only  two  specimens  were  found. 

Syllis  (Typosyllis)  cincinnata,  sp.  nov. 

A strongly  colored,  rather  large  species,  with  numerous  compact 
segments  and  a highly  contractile  body;  when  preserved  in  forma- 
lin usually  coiled  irregularly,  thick  and  rounded  anteriorly,  with  very 
short,  closely  contracted  segments,  short  anterior  parapodia;  flat- 
tened and  tapered  posteriorly,  with  longer  posterior  segments  and 
more  prominent  parapodia  and  setae ; antennae  and  anterior  cirri 
long,  strongly  beaded  and  irregularly  curled  about  the  head,  so  as  to 
nearly  conceal  it ; middle  dorsal  cirri  mostly  long,  incurved  over  the 
back  ; oesophagus  short  with  a very  long  tooth  ; stomach  very  long 
and  large  ; blades  of  setae  mostly  rather  short,  strongly  incurved, 
the  anterior  ones  mostly  not  bidentate  at  tip. 

The  head  is  small,  wider  than  long,  transversely  broad-elliptical ; 
buccal  segment  short.  Eyes  black,  unequal,  the  anterior  rather  large 
and  near  the  sides  of  the  head  ; posterior  ones  about  % as  large, 
separated  by  about  their  own  diameter,  and  but  little  farther  back, 
lens  indistinct. 


610 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria,  Nemertina , and 


Palpi  large,  separate  to  base,  longer  than  head,  lanceolate  when 
seen  from  above,  with  the  inner  edge  incurved,  tips,  blunt. 

Tentacle  long  and  large,  the  free  part  projecting  twice  as  far  as 
the  palpi,  composed  of  very  numerous  short  annuli,  4 or  5 times 
broader  than  long.  Antennae  similar,  about  J shorter.  Upper  ten- 
tacular cirri  similar,  rather  stouter  and  about  as  long ; lower  about 
i shorter.  Dorsal  cirri  of  about  12  anterior  segments  are  mostly 
even  longer  than  the  upper  tentacular  cirri,  much  curled  in  various 
directions  over  the  head  and  back,  equal  in  length  to  lj  to  1^  or 
more  times  the  breadth  of  the  body  ; farther  back  in  the  gastric 
region  they  become  unequal,  some  being  about  as  long  as  the  pre- 
ceding, others  only  J to  f the  breadth  of  the  body,  usually  recurved 
over  the  back ; posteriorly  most  of  them  are  less  in  length  than  J 
the  breadth  of  that  part  of  the  body.  Caudal  cirri  long,  slender, 
tapered.  The  anterior  parapodia  are  short  and  crowded,  posteriorly 
they  become  well  separated  and  longer,  with  longer  lobes  and 
longer  and  stouter  setae. 

Setae  of  the  anterior  segments  are  8 to  10  short  and  slender,  accom- 
panied by  3 or  4 acute  acicula,  which  project  but  little  ; the  blades 
of  the  upper  anterior  setae  are  narrow-lanceolate,  breadth  to  length 
about  1 : 4-6,  with  incurved  acute  tips,  sometimes  faintly  bidentate; 
the  lower  ones  have  shorter  blades,  ratio  1:2  or  3,  with  more 
incurved  acute  tips;  the  posterior  setae  have  rather  longer  and  stouter 
stems,  with  the  blades  shorter,  wider,  ratio  1 : 2 to  and  with  more 
incurved  tips,  a few  of  which  are  minutely  bidentate  ; there  are 
usually  5 or  6 in  a fascicle  ; the  stem  is  serrulate  near  the  tip  ; they 
are  usually  accompanied  by  two  large,  straight,  acute  acicula. 

(Esophagus  brown,  rather  short,  thick,  in  the  contracted  specimens 
so  bent  and  crumpled  that  the  length  cannot  be  correctly  determined ; 
median  tooth  large,  projecting  beyond  the  margin,  the  free  part 
equal  to  the  length  of  two  segments,  long-conic,  acute.  Stomach 
long  and  rather  large,  nearly  cylindrical,  occupying  17  segments, 
covered  by  about  36  regular  rows  of  well-separated,  small,  ellipti- 
cal groups  of  cells,  with  definite  lines  between  the  rows. 

Color,  in  formalin,  is  dull  greenish  with  transverse  lines  of  a darker 
green  on  each  segment  and  a dark  median  dorsal  stripe  along  the 
back. 

Length  of  largest  preserved  specimen,  18mm;  diameter  anteriorly, 
1.20  to  1.40mra. 

Found  among  the  zooids  of  Palythoa  mammillosa  at  low  tide. 

In  life  the  head  and  anterior  part  of  the  body  were  noted  as  tinged 
with  orange-red,  the  head  brightest  red  ; eyes  orange ; posterior 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


611 


segments  dark  olive-green  ; caudal  segments  and  cirri  pink.  Some 
specimens  were  forming  two  sexual  zooids  at  the  same  time  (these 
were  not  found  in  the  preserved  collection).  Two  or  more  species 
were  confused  in  this  lot. 

Another  .specimen  (No.  12),  supposed  at  the  time  to  be  the  same, 
was  described  when  living,  as  translucent  whitish  anteriorly,  light 
green  posteriorly ; the  sexual  zooid  was  pink  and  had  conspicuous 
eyes  and  numerous  segments,  which  were  broader  than  those  of  the 
stem-form.  This  is  probably  a distinct  species,  for  the  oesophagus 
appears  to  have  a crenulate  margin  and  the  median  tooth  is  much 
smaller. 

Syllis  (Typosyllis)  cincinnata.  (Stem-form,  with  a sexual  Zooid.) 

One  specimen,  in  formalin,  has  part  of  the  dorsal  cirri  replaced  by 
a thick,  ovate  pigmented  body,  with  a small  terminal  papilla,  per- 
haps due  to  disease.  This  specimen  has  a zooid-head  forming  at 
about  the  28th  segment,  with  two  small  brown  eyes  developed,  but 
special  antennae  and  cirri  are  not  present,  nor  any  capillary  setae. 
About  50  segments  follow  this  head.  In  other  respects  this  individ- 
ual agrees  closely  with  the  type-form  described  above. 

Syllis  (Ehlersia)  exigua,  n.  sp. 

In  addition  to  the  various  species  described  above,  a small  and 
very  slender  or  attenuated  species  was  noted,  but  not  fully  described. 
The  single  specimen  is  poorly  preserved.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
unusually  elongated  segments.  Its  generic  characters  are  somewhat 
doubtful. 

The  body  is  composed  of  about  50  setigerous  segments.  Head 
rather  broad;  palpi  short  ovate;  eyes  6,  the  four  posterior,  which 
are  nearly  equal,  form  a trapeze  ; the  anterior  are  smaller  and  nearer 
together.  The  antennae,  tentacular  cirri,  and  anterior  dorsal  cirri 
are  all  similar,  long  and  slender  with  numerous  rounded  beads;  the 
dorsal  cirri  of  the  middle  segments  are  also  long,  often  twice  as  long 
as  the  diameter  of  the  body  ; posteriorly  they  become  shorter. 

Stomach  is  short,  elliptical,  as  broad  as  long,  occupying  about  2 
segments. 

The  setae  are  long  and  slender;  in  the  anterior  10  segments  the 
upper  ones  have  very  long,  thin  blades,  ratio,  1:8-1  : 10,  the  lower 
ones  have  the  blades  about  half  as  long,  all  feebly  bidentate  at  tip; 
farther  back  the  blades  of  the  upper  ones  become  shorter;  on  the 
posterior  segments  decidedly  so.  In  each  fascicle,  there  is  usually  a 


612  A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertinci,  and 

single,  slender,  acute,  simple  seta,  and  one  spiniform  aciculum,  often 
bent  at  top. 

Length,  10mm  ; diameter,  3mm. 

Syllis  (Ehlersia)  nitida,  sp.  nov. 

A small  slender  species  with  the  dorsal  cirri  and  cephalic  appen- 
dages slender  and  beaded  with  rounded  annuli,  mostly  10-14,  and 
in  length  generally  f to  y9^  the  diameter  of  the  body,  referred 
to  the  subgenus  Ehlersia  because  the  upper  compound  setae  have 
long  linear  blades,  very  unlike  the  lower  ones. 

Head  transversely  elliptical,  considerably  broader  than  long,  dis- 
tinctly three-lobed  in  front  ; posterior  margin  broadly  rounded,  eyes 
6,  black  ; two  posterior  pairs,  which  form  a short  trapeze,  are  small, 
nearly  equal ; a pair  of  minute  front  eyes  at  bases  of  the  palpi.  The 
palpi  are  large,  broad-ovate,  obtuse,  rather  longer  than  the  head. 
Tentacle,  with  about  11  regular  rounded  beads,  is  rather  longer  than 
the  palpi.  Antennae  are  similar,  but  shorter,  with  about  9 beads. 
Upper  tentacular  cirri  are  a little  longer  than  the  tentacle  ; lower 
ones  much  shorter. 

The  dorsal  cirri  are  all  similar  and  vary  but  little  in  length,  the 
largest  ones  being  those  along  the  middle  of  the  body,  where  some 
of  them  are  about  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body  and  composed 
of  12-14  beads;  they  are  slender  and  tapered,  and  very  regularly 
beaded  with  rounded  annuli,  mostly  about  as  long  as  broad  ; the 
shorter  ones  are  from  \ to  § the  diameter  of  the  body,  and  with  about 
8 beads.  The  anterior  dorsal  cirri  are  about  equal  to  the  upper  ten- 
tacular cirri,  and  have  about  12  beads. 

Setae  are  all  compound  anteriorly,  slender,  rather  numerous  ; 1 or 
2 upper  ones,  all  along  the  body,  have  long,  slender,  linear,  nearly 
straight  blades  with  incurved  tips,  ratios  1 : 10-15,  becoming  longer 
posteriorly ; the  lower  ones  have  much  shorter  lanceolate  blades, 
ratios  1 ; 3-4 ; there  is  no  gradation  between  the  two  sorts.  Back 
of  the  middle  the  setae  become  larger  and  more  differentiated  ; the 
blades  of  the  lower  ones  are  bidentate. 

Posteriorly  there  are  usually  two  spiniform  acute  acicula,  one  of 
which  projects  considerably. 

The  oesophagus  is  long  and  slender,  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
stomach  ; its  tooth  is  small,  conic,  close  to  the  margin  ; the  edge  is 
indistinct,  but  appears  to  be  finely  denticulated.  The  stomach  is 
narrow-cylindric,  covered  with  many  very  close  rows  of  glands. 
Color,  in  formalin,  plain  yellowish  white.  Length,  5ram  ; diameter, 
about  4mm.  Only  one  specimen  was  taken. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


613 


Haplosyllis  Langerhans. 

Zeitsch.  Wissenscliaft.  Zool.,  xxxii,  p.  527,  1879. 

This  group  was  made  a subgenus  of  Syllis  by  Langerhans,  but  it 
seems  to  differ  sufficiently  from  that  genus  to  justify  its  generic 
separation. 

The  special  character,  mentioned  by  Langerhans,  is  the  presence 
of  simple  setae  alone,  on  all  the  segments.  “ Setae  all  simple.”  In 
our  species  the  shortness  and  paucity  of  the  setae  are  equally  note- 
worthy, for  there  are  usually  only  one  or  two  short  setae,  with  a 
single  hooked  aciculum,  in  each  fascicle.  The  simple  bidentate  setae 
have  the  structure  and  nearly  the  form  of  the  stem  or  shaft  of  the 
ordinary  form  of  the  compound  setae  of  Syllis,  indicating  that  they 
are  merely  such  setae  that  have  lost,  or  else  have  not  developed,  the 
blade.  They  are  unlike  the  bifid  setae  of  Eusyllis  viridula , which 
seem  to  be  formed  by  the  consolidation  of  a short  angular  blade 
with  the  shaft. 

Our  species  of  Haplosyllis  also  have  the  edge  of  the  oesophagus 
denticulated,  nearly  as  in  Eusyllis.  So  that  the  group  appears  to 
be  allied  to  the  latter  more  than  to  Syllis. 

The  typical  genus  Syllis,  as  restricted  by  Langerhans,  has  sim- 
ple setae  anteriorly  or  medially  and  compound  setae  posteriorly. 
Typosyllis  has  them  all  compound,  or  with  compound  ones  on  all  the 
segments. 

Haplosyllis  cephalata,  sp.  nov. 

A small  and  rather  stout  species,  appearing  stouter  anteriorly, 
owing  to  the  prominent  head  and  unusually  large  palpi ; eyes  small, 
black  ; a few  longer  anterior  cirri;  those  on  most  of  the  body  very 
short,  composed  of  few  annuli  ; setae  simple,  bidentate,  very  few ; 
oesophagus  rather  short,  with  a median  anterior  tooth. 

Head  thick  and  convex  above,  elliptical  in  outline,  widest  about 
the  middle,  with  a slight  median  lobe  anteriorly ; posterior  edge 
slightly  emarginate.  Eyes  unusually  small,  round,  black,  arranged 
in  a trapeze  ; the  posterior  pair  are  rather  small  and  separated  from 
the  anterior  by  a space  equal  to  3 or  4 times  their  diameter. 

Palpi  very  large,  wider  than  the  head,  ovate,  not  excavate  on  the 
inner  margin,  obtuse  at  the  end  ; the  exposed  part  longer  than  the 
head,  scarcely  divergent,  but  often  strongly  curved  downward  in 
the  preserved  specimens,  with  their  bases  overlapping  each  other. 
Tentacle  and  antennae  long  and  slender,  strongly  beaded ; the  ten- 
tacle projects  considerably  beyond  the  ends  of  the  palpi ; the  anten- 


614 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


nae  are  shorter,  only  projecting  a little  beyond  the  palpi.  The  upper 
tentacular  cirri  are  similar  to  the  tentacle  and  of  about  the  same 
length.  The  lower  ones  are  about  ^ shorter. 

The  1st  dorsal  cirrus  is  similar  to  the  upper  tentacular  cirrus,  but 
longer.  The  2d  is  very  much  shorter,  and  the  succeeding  ones  rap- 
idly decrease  in  length,  those  beyond  the  gastric  region  being  only 
1/5  to  1/6  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body,  or  even  less,  and  con- 
sisting of  only  a few  annuli  (often  only  3 or  4)  and  scarcely  longer 
than  the  parapodia. 

Setae  very  few  ; anteriorly  there  are  usually  1 or  2 rather  strong 
simple  bidentate  setae  and  one  acute  aciculum,  which  rarely  projects  ; 
posteriorly  there  is  generally  only  one  bidentate  setae,  which  is 
longer  and  larger  than  the  anterior,  and  a single  aciculum,  which 
often  has  a bent,  hook-like  tip.  No  blades  were  found  on  any  of  the 
setae  of  numerous  specimens  examined.  The  bidentate  setae,  which 
correspond  to  the  stems  of  compound  setae,  have  a simple,  incurved 
or  slightly  hooked  tip,  with  a strong  triangular  tooth  below  it,  the 
intervening  space  being  concave  and  oblique.  Possibly  a blade 
may  be  present  in  the  very  young.  The  anterior  parapodia  are 
short;  the  posterior  ones  become  more  elongated. 

The  oesophagus  is  rather  short  and  wide,  pigmented  with  opaque 
green,  so  that  its  form  is  not  easily  seen ; median  tooth  near  the  edger 
acute  conical,  its  end  projecting  beyond  the  aperture  ; margin 
incurved  and  usually  indistinct,  but  minutely  denticulate,  at  least  in 
some  cases.  Soft  pharynx  with  about  10  rounded  lobes.  Stomach 
barrel-shaped,  usually  a little  shorter  and  not  much  thicker  than  the 
oesophagus,  opaque,  the  rows  of  glands  poorly  defined  ; sometimes 
the  stomach  and  oesophagus  are  about  equal  in  length,  or  the 
stomach  may  be  the  longer,  owing  to  the  frequently  crumpled  and 
contracted  condition  of  the  oesophagus. 

Color,  in  formalin,  is  yellowish  white;  the  tissues  are  more  opaque 
than  in  most  species.  Length,  4 to  6mm  ; diameter,  .5  to  .6mm. 

Taken  in  large  numbers  on  one  occasion.  It  inhabits  sponges. 

Easily  distinguished  from  the  young  of  other  species  by  the  large 
palpi,  head,  and  anterior  segments,  and  the  extreme  shortness  of  all 
the  cirri,  except  those  of  the  head  and  first  segment.  The  small 
number  of  the  setae  and  their  peculiar  tips  are  also  characteristic. 

This  is  allied  to  II.  hamata  of  Europe  and  Madeira,  which  has  the 
tips  of  the  simple  setae  trifid,  and  to  II.  tentaculata  (Mar.  1879,  as 
8.  spongicola , var.),  which  has  much  longer  cirri  and  trifid  setae. 

II.  streptocephala  (CErst  and  Grube),  from  St.  Croix,  has  longer  cirri. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas, 


615 


Haplosyllis  palpata,  sp.  nov. 

An  elongated,  slender,  somewhat  larger  species,  w7ith  large  palpi 
and  longer  dorsal  cirri  and  setae  than  those  of  P.  cephalata.  The 
head  and  antennae  are  nearly  as  in  the  latter ; the  palpi  are  very 
large  and  thick,  subovate  ; the  body  has  more  numerous  and  more 
distinct  segments.  The  dorsal  cirri  are  unequal,  but  the  longer 
ones,  along  most  of  the  body,  have  about  9 or  10  rounded  annuli, 
about  as  long  as  broad,  and  in  length  are  equal  to  about  \ the  diame- 
ter of  the  body.  The  setae  consist  of  two  or  three  simple,  strongly 
bidentate  setae,  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species,  but  larger 
and  longer,  and  of  one  or  two  acicula,  one  of  which  has  a small  bent 
tip.  The  oesophagus  is  rather  long,  tubular;  its  margin  is  indistinct, 
but  seems  to  be  entire;  the  tooth  is  small.  H.  Setubalensis  (Mclnt.) 
(as  Syllis)  resembles  this  species  in  the  character  of  its  setae. 

Trypanosyllis  attenuata,  sp.  nov. 

Body  very  long  and  slender,  composed  of  a large  number  of  rather 
elongated  segments.  Cirri  all  moderately  long  and  strongly  beaded 
with  rounded  annuli. 

Setae  numerous,  all  compound  with  rather  long  narrow  blades. 

Head  about  as  long  as  broad,  well  rounded  and  slightly  three- 
lobed  in  front  and  nearly  truncate  posteriorly.  Eyes  4,  small,  black, 
in  trapeze,  the  anterior  ones  a little  larger  and  situated  much  behind 
the  middle  of  the  head,  at  about  the  posterior  third,  separated  from 
the  posterior  by  a distance  equal  to  about  four  diameters  of  the  lat- 
ter. Palpi  large  and  broad,  wider  at  base  than  the  head,  separate 
to  the  base,  divergent,  thick  at  the  base  and  incurved  on  the  inner 
margin,  very  obtuse  at  the  end. 

Antennae  and  tentacle  are  gone;  upper  tentacular  cirrus  long  and 
slender,  composed  of  about  17  rounded  annuli;  first  dorsal  cirrus 
considerably  longer,  with  about  24  annuli.  Succeeding  dorsal  cirri 
are  all  much  shorter  and  somewhat  unequal,  the  longer  ones  being 
about  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body,  and  composed  of  12-14 
rounded  annuli,  mostly  about  as  long  as  broad,  or  a little  longer  dis- 
tally ; the  shorter  cirri  are  about  f as  long.  Similar  cirri  continue 
to  the  end  of  the  body,  gradually  decreasing  in  size. 

The  caudal  cirri  are  long  and  slender,  their  length  being  equal  to 
the  diameter  of  the  body  in  its  middle,  composed  of  about  13  annuli, 
which  are  mostly  longer  than  broad. 

The  setse  are  numerous  and  slender,  about  10-12  compound  ones 
in  the  anterior  fascicles,  with  three  or  four  small  slender  acicula  that 
do  not  project.  The  blades  of  the  upper  setse  are  narrow  and  nearly 


616  A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemevtina , and 

straight,  ratio  about  1 : 6-9,  with  the  tips  very  minutely  bidentate 
and  slightly  incurved  ; the  lower  ones  are  shorter,  ratio  about  1 : 4-5, 
but  of  the  same  form.  Posteriorly  they  become  larger  and  longer, 
with  stouter  stems,  usually  5 or  6 in  a fascicle,  and  the  blades  are 
somewhat  broader  and  more  distinctly  bidentate  at  tip,  but  the 
change  is  very  gradual. 

The  oesophagus  is  very  long  and  slender,  straight,  occupying  17  or 
18  segments;  its  edge  is  divided  into  a circle  of  about  10 rounded  or 
obtuse  scallops  ; median  tooth  small,  close  to  the  edge;  soft  pharynx, 
when  extended,  elongated,  its  margin  with  about  10  large  rounded 
lobes,  longer  than  broad,  the  seven  upper  ones  longer  than  the  lower. 
The  stomach  is  small,  oblong-elliptical,  occupying  4 segments  ; it  is 
covered  by  about  26  rows  of  small  cell  clusters. 

Color,  in  formalin,  yellowish  white ; oesophagus  and  stomach  pale. 

Length,  about  16mm;  diameter,  .25  to  .30mm. 

Dredged  off  Bailey  Bay,  in  5-6  fathoms,  shell-sand. 

Typanosyllis  fertilis,  sp.  nov. 

A species  of  medium  size,  with  a large  and  broad  head  and  wide 
palpi;  rather  long,  strongly  beaded  dorsal  cirri;  numerous  and  long 
setae,  the  posterior  ones  decidedly  longer  and  stouter  than  the  ante- 
rior, with  a short,  wide,  distinctly  bidentate  blade.  The  female  has 
the  posterior  half  of  the  body  distended  with  large  polygonal  eggs, 
but  has  no  special  sexual  seta?. 

Head  unusually  large  and  wide,  broader  than  long,  with  the  sides 
very  prominent  and  convex  behind  the  eyes,  concave  farther  back  ; 
front  edge  prominent,  three-lobed  ; posterior  margin  narrow,  emargi- 
nate.  Eyes  of  moderate  size,  brown,  the  anterior  a little  larger,  far- 
ther forward  and  farther  apart,  distant  from  the  posterior  by  3 or  4 
diameters.  Palpi  large  and  broad,  their  bases  rather  wider  than  the 
head,  their  free  part  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  head,  broad- 
ovate,  blunt,  the  inner  edge  concave.  Tentacle  slightly  tapered, 
strongly  beaded,  composed  of  16  annuli,  the  free  part  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  palpi ; distal  annuli  about  1-J  times  wider  than  long,  the 
middle  ones  about  ■§■  as  long  as  wide.  Antennae  similar  but  shorter, 
only  their  two  distal  annuli  extending  beyond  the  palpi.  Upper  ten- 
tacular cirri  similar  to  the  tentacle  and  of  the  same  length,  consist- 
ing of  15  annuli  ; lower  ones  about  i as  long.  Dorsal  cirri  on  sev-* 
eral  (about  12)  anterior  segments  mostly  similar  to  the  tentacle,  but 
^ to  i longer,  and  are  equal  to  or  considerably  exceed  the  diameter 
of  the  adjacent  segments.  Along  the  rest  of  the  body  the  dorsal 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


617 


cirri  are  more  unequal,  but  the  larger  ones  are  longer  than  those  of 
the  anterior  segments,  composed  of  18  or  19  annuli,  and  often  exceed 
the  diameter  of  the  body  by  \ of  their  length  ; the  shorter  ones  are 
about  § as  long  with  14  or  15  annuli. 

The  setae  of  the  anterior  parapodia  are  numerous,  long  and  slender, 
with  delicate  narrow-lanceolate  blades,  slightly  bidentate  at  tip,  the 
upper  ones  longer,  breadth  to  length  about  1 : 4 or  5,  in  the  lower 
ones  about  1 : 3 or  4.  In  the  anterior  parapodia  there  are  also  3 or  4 
slender  acute  acicula,  side  by  side,  but  usually  not  projecting.  Pos- 
teriorly the  compound  setae  become  longer  and  slender,  7-9  in  a 
fascicle,  with  larger  and  shorter  blades,  ratio  as  1 : 1^-2^,  with  the 
tips  strongly  incurved  and  distinctly  bidentate.  These  are  accom- 
panied by  2 or  3 stouter  spiniform  acicula,  one  of  which  usually  has 
the  tip  somewhat  hook-shaped. 

In  the  type  the  segments,  commencing  somewhat  forward  of  the 
middle,  from  about  the  33d  segment,  are  orowded  with  ripe  eggs, 
which  are  polygonal  from  pressure. 

(Esophagus  brown,  rather  long  and  large,  occupying  7 segments, 
cylindrical,  with  a short  stout  tooth  near  the  margin ; edge  divided 
into  about  10  rounded  lobes  or  scallops,  recurved  when  extended. 
Soft  pharynx  with  about  10  low,  broad,  rounded  lobes. 

The  stomach  is  light  greenish,  deeply  pigmented,  and  opaque, 
nearly  \ as  long  as  the  oesophagus  and  more  than  twice  as  thick, 
occupying  5 segments,  somewhat  barrel-shaped,  or  elliptical,  widest 
posteriorly  and  covered  with  an  alveolar  arrangement  of  polygonal 
glands  separated  by  narrow  dark  lines  so  as  to  have  a honey-comb- 
like  appearance  externally,  unlike  that  of  other  species. 

Color  of  the  preserved  specimens  is  plain  yellowish-white. 

Length  of  type,  about  24mm  (caudal  segments  gone)  ; diameter 

gmm 

This  appears  to  be  a species  that  does  not  produce  special  sexual 
zooids.  The  large  size  and  form  of  the  head  ; the  character  of  the 
setse  ; and  the  alveolar  surface  of  the  stomach,  are  its  most  notable 
diagnostic  characters.  It  appears  to  be  rare. 

Trypanosyllis  tenella,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species,  with  long  beaded  cirri,  which  is  doubt- 
fully referred  to  this  genus  on  account  of  the  strongly  denticulated 
or  scalloped  margin  of  the  oesophagus  ; in  most  other  respects  it 
closely  resembles  the  young  of  Syllis  corallicola  and  S.  catenular 
but  it  has  a narrow  stomach  and  the  setse  are  more  bidentate,  at  tip. 


618  A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 

Head  small,  the  anterior  portion  nearly  semicircular,  deeply  emar* 
ginate  or  cordate  behind,  well  rounded  in  front,  but  with  a slight 
median  lobe,  sides  evenly  rounded,  most  convex  opposite  the  eyes, 
which  are  about  equal,  rather  small,  black,  arranged  in  a short 
trapeze,  the  distance  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  about  equal 
to  two  diameters  ; a pair  of  minute  black  ocelli  at  the  anterior  mar- 
gin in  front  of  the  antennae. 

Palpi  large  and  long,  lanceolate,  regularly  tapered,  longer  than  the 
head,  obtuse.  Tentacle  shorter  than  the  antennae,  of  8 annuli, 
equal  to  the  palpi,  tapered,  its  distal  annuli  longer  than  broad. 
Antennae  similar,  but  about  \ longer,  of  13  annuli,  about  3 or  4 
distal  annuli  projecting  beyond  the  palpi.  Tentacular  cirri  long  and 
slender  with  rounded  annuli,  about  as  long  as  broad  ; upper  ones, 
with  18  annuli,  are  longer  than  the  antennae,  lower  ones  about  § as 
long.  Dorsal  cirri  of  segments  1 , 3,  4,  6,  and  many  others  are  longer 
than  the  tentacular  cirri,  composed  of  22-28  annuli,  and  about  twice 
as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body ; shorter  ones  irregularly  alter- 
nating are  -J  to  § as  long.  Caudal  cirri  long  and  slender,  tapered, 
similar  to  the  longer  dorsal  cirri. 

Setae  rather  numerous,  long  and  slender,  all  compound  and  sim- 
ilar ; the  upper  anterior  ones  have  slender  lanceolate  blades  with 
bidentate  tips,  ratio  about  as  1 : 4 or  5 ; of  the  lower  ones  about 
1 : 3 or  4.  Posteriorly  the  blades  are  shorter  and  the  tips  are  more 
incurved  and  more  strongly  bidentate,  with  the  denticles  divergent, 
ratio  about  1 : 2-2-J ; these  are  usually  accompanied  by  1 or  2 rather 
stouter  spiniform  acicula,  with  the  tips  slightly  projecting,  that  of 
one  usually  somewhat  hooked,  the  other  only  a little  bent. 

The  oesophagus  is  rather  long,  occupying  8 segments,  but  not 
slender,  wrinkled  transversely  in  the  type  and  somewhat  contracted 
at  each  end  ; its  margin  is  emarginate  on  each  side  and  is  divided 
into  a number  of  rather  small,  not  very  regular,  obtuse  denticles  or 
scallops  ; the  tooth  is  close  to  the  edge  and  rather  small ; the  soft 
pharynx  is  divided  into  a circle  of  rounded  lobes.  The  stomach  is 
elongated,  narrow,  cylindric,  occupying  8 segments,  about  equal  in 
length  to  the  oesophagus,  and  not  much  larger ; its  surface  is  covered 
with  50  to  55  close  rows  of  opaque  cell-groups  ?.  Color,  in  formalin, 
plain  yellowish  white.  Length,  about  llmm  ; diameter,  .6mm. 

This  species  is  very  distinct  from  T.  vittigera  Elders,  which  is 
a large  brownish  species  conspicuously  marked  by  two  transverse, 
narrow,  white  bands  on  each  segment,  and  with  the  denticles  of  the 
oesophagus  large  and  subtruncate.  The  setje  have  short,  bidentate 
blades.  The  latter  was  taken  by  us  in  considerable  numbers. 

T,  gigantea  Mclnt.  (Chall.  Voy.)  as  Sgllis , appears  to  be  closely 
allied  to  this  last  species. 


Annelida  of  tlxe  Bermudas. 


619 


Hemisyllis,  gen.  nov. 

Similar  to  Eusyllis , but  with  the  large  palpi  united  together  for 
about  half  their  length  in  front  of  the  head.  Antennae,  tentacle,  and 
anterior  cirri  long  and  beaded,  as  in  Syllis ; oesophagus  straight,  with 
the  front  edge  serrulate;  median  tooth  submarginal.  Setae  few  and 
simple,  bidentate,  without  blades. 

Hemisyllis  dispar,  sp.  nov. 

A small  species  with  broad  head  and  palpi,  the  lobes  of  the  palpi 
projecting  forward  from  the  swollen  common  base  which  looks  like 
a part  of  the  head. 

Head  large  and  broad,  the  anterior  half  nearly  semicircular ; the 
front  margin  well  rounded,  apparently  coalescent  with  the  palpi  in 
the  middle ; sides  most  prominent  posterior  to  the  eyes  ; posterior 
margin  broadly  convex.  Eyes  4,  small,  black,  in  a trapeze,  the  ante- 
rior larger,  not  very  close  to  the  sides  of  the  head  ; the  posterior  are 
very  small,  separated  by  about  4 diameters  from  the  anterior  ones. 
Palpi  very  large  and  wide,  their  bases  thick  and  swollen,  united 
together  for  about  half  their  length,  the  front  edge  of  the  common 
base  convex  between  the  separated  free  lobes,  which  are  narrow- 
ovate  and  obtuse. 

Tentacle,  antennae,  and  all  cirri  are  all  similar  in  form,  tapered  and 
strongly  beaded  with  rounded  annuli,  which  on  the  middle  and  dis- 
tal parts  are  as  long  as  wide,  or  even  longer  than  wide,  and  elliptical 
toward  the  end.  The  tentacle  has  about  20  beads  and  is  about  as 
long  as  the  head  and  palpi  combined;  the  antennae  are  rather  shorter, 
with  18  beads.  The  upper  tentacular  cirri  are  longer  and  rather 
stouter,  with  about  20  beads  ; the  lower  are  about  f as  long.  The 
first  dorsal  cirrus  is  longer  than  the  tentacular  cirrus  and  has  about 
22  beads;  its  length  is  about  times  the  breadth  of  the  segment; 
second  cirrus  is  about  ^ as  long,  with  9 beads;  third  and  fourth  are 
rather  longer  than  the  second,  with  14  beads;  farther  back  they 
decrease  rapidly,  so  that  back  of  the  stomach  most  of  them  are  quite 
short,  mostly  with  only  2-4  beads.  The  ventral  cirrus  is  papilliform. 
Caudal  end  is  lacking. 

The  setae  are  few,  small,  and  short ; in  the  anterior  region  there 
is,  in  each  fascicle,  only  1 small  bidentate  seta  (without  blade,  in  the 
type),  and  1 slender  aciculum,  with  a small  hooked  tip,  scarcely  pro- 
jecting. 

The  oesophagus  is  long  and  slender,  occupying  7 segments  ; its 
edge  is  denticulated  with  small,  unequal,  acute  teeth  ; median  tooth 

Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  Vol.  X.  December,  1900. 

41 


620 


A.  E.  VerriU — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


is  small,  close  to  the  margin.  The  stomach  is  large,  in  length  about 
equal  to  the  oesophagus,  long-elliptical,  occupying  6 segments  ; it  is 
covered  with  about  38  crowded  rows  of  small,  dark,  round  or  ellipti- 
cal glands.  Color,  yellowish  white.  Diameter  of  the  type,  .4mm  * 
the  posterior  half  is  lacking.  Only  one  specimen  was  found. 

Opisthosyllis  Langerhans,  op.  cit.,  p.  541,  1879. 

Palpi,  body-segments,  setae,  and  cirri  as  in  Syllis  ( Typosyllis )* 
(Esophagus  large  and  rather  short,  cylindrical,  with  the  anterior 
margin  entire;  median  tooth  near  the  posterior  end.  Stomach  large, 
its  glands  very  distinct.  Head  pyriform,  widest  in  front ; palpi 
long  and  divergent.  Buccal  segment  forms  a collar. 

Opisthosyllis  nuchalis,  sp.  nov. 

A large  elongated  species  with  numerous  rather  long,  beaded  cirri ^ 
(Esophagus  large,  showing  as  a conspicuous,  brown,  oblong  patch 
on  the  back  of  the  anterior  segments. 

Plead  pyriform,  widest  close  to  the  anterior  margin,  which  is 
truncate  or  slightly  emarginate  in  the  middle  and  on  either  side,  so 
that  it  is  slightly  four-lobed  ; the  sides  are  convex,  narrowing  back- 
ward, the  posterior  end  narrow  with  a small  emargination  between 
two  angular  lobes.  Eyes  yellowish  brown,  small,  nearly  equal, 
prominent,  with  a convex  lens ; the  anterior  are  wider  apart,  the 
four  forming  a trapeze.  Palpi  large,  divergent,  longer  than  the 
head,  lanceolate,  the  distal  half  rapidly  tapered,  tips  subacute,  inner 
margins  excavated. 

The  buccal  segment  is  transversely  narrow,  and  its  anterior  edge 
is  extended  forward  as  a rather  broad,  thin  collar,  conspicuous  on  the 
sides,  where  it  extends  as  far  forward  as  the  anterior  eyes  and  almost 
to  the  bases  of  the  palpi,  but  receding  dorsally,  so  as  to  expose  the 
posterior  eyes.  The  first  and  second  setigerous  segments  are  a little 
wider  than  the  buccal  and  the  breadth  of  the  body  suddenly 
increases  at  the  third  segment,  where  the  end  of  the  oesophagus  is  sit- 
uated in  the  type  specimen,  but  this  is  probably  due,  in  part  at  least, 
to  the  pressure  used  in  mounting  it. 

Tentacle  and  antennae  are  slender,  tapered,  strongly  beaded  with 
small  annuli,  the  distal  ones  are  as  long  as  broad,  the  proximal  short 
and  indistinct ; the  tentacle  is  considerably  longer  than  the  palpi, 
and  contains  about  24  annuli ; the  antennae  are  but  little  longer  than 
the  palpi.  Upper  tentacular  cirri  are  larger  and  about  J longer  than 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas . 


621 


the  tentacle,  or  about  twice  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  buccal  seg- 
ment ; lower  ones  about  ^ shorter.  The  first  dorsal  cirrus  and  most 
of  the  others  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  body  are  longer  than  the 
upper  tentacular  cirrus  and  contain  36-40  annuli ; these  long  cirri 
are  regularly  tapered,  more  or  less  curled,  regularly  beaded  distally, 
and  equal  or  somewhat  exceed  the  diameter  of  the  body.  Others  not 
more  than  half  as  long  occur  irregularly. 

Setae  are  all  similar,  long  and  numerous,  8-10  in  a fascicle,  larger 
than  usual  in  this  family,  with  rather  short,  wide  blades,  the  ratio  of 
width  to  length  about  as  1 : 2-J-3£  ; their  tips  strongly  incurved, 
simple  and  acute.  The  posterior  setse  and  acicula  are  rather  larger 
and  longer  than  the  anterior,  but  similar  in  form  ; two  acicula, 
larger  and  more  yellow  than  the  setae,  occur  in  most  fascicles  ; their 
tips  are  a little  blunt  or  enlarged,  and  seldom  project.  Posteriorly 
there  are  often  one  or  two  simple  acute  setae.  The  stems  of  the 
compound  setae  are  very  oblique  at  the  enlarged  end,  and  have  a 
rounded  lobe  just  below  the  tip,  on  the  outside. 

The  oesophagus  is  deep  brown,  as  wide  as  the  stomach  and  f to  f 
as  long,  nearly  cylindrical,  but  usually  a little  swollen  in  the  middle 
and  slightly  contracted  posteriorly.  Its  aperture  is  wide  and  nearly 
even,  with  a narrowly  revolute  entire  margin.  There  is  no  anterior 
armature,  but  a small,  rounded,  highly  refracting  spot  near  the  pos- 
terior end  indicates  the  existence  there  of  a posterior  tooth,  which 
bends  inward  and  forward,  with  an  acute  tip,  the  base  being  much 
wider  than  the  tooth  itself. 

The  stomach  is  large  and  long,  occupying  about  12  segments, 
cylindrical,  pale  colored,  covered  with  very  distinct  and  well-sepa- 
rated roundish  or  elliptical  groups  of  greenish  glandular  cells, 
arranged  in  about  70  pretty  regular  rows  ; on  the  posterior  half  a 
whitish  line  ususally  runs  along  the  middle  of  each  row,  so  as  to 
divide  the  most  of  the  groups  of  cells  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  ; 
anteriorly  this  line,  or  membrane,  runs  between  the  rows.  Each 
glandular  cluster  seems  to  rise,  with  a narrow  stem,  from  the  center 
of  a whitish,  square  or  polygonal  area,  bounded  by  fine  lines.  They 
are  arranged  so  regularly  in  quincunx  that  when  not  much  magnified 
they  have  a tessellated  appearance.  Seen  in  profile  the  glandular 
groups  are  long-pyriform,  with  a narrow  base.  Other  small  irregu- 
lar groups  are  scattered  between  the  regular  rows. 

The  color  of  the  type  specimens,  in  formalin,  is  yellowish  white, 
with  a dark  brown  oblong  spot  anteriorly,  due  to  the  oesophagus. 

Length  of  the  larger  specimens,  20  to  25mm;  diameter,  1.4  to  1.6mm. 

In  dead  corals  from  the  reefs. 


622 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , JVemertina , and 


Var.  ? gularis. 

One  specimen,  differently  preserved,  and  much  contracted,  is 
rather  deeply  tinged  with  green,  and  has  a narrow  dark  line  across 
the  front  part  of  the  anterior  segments,  and  pale  sutural  lines  ; there 
is  also  a dark  median  stripe  posteriorly.  This  was  one  of  the  speci- 
mens mixed  with  Syllis  cincinnata  and  noted,  in  life,  as  having  the 
anterior  parts  orange-red  and  the  posterior  olive-green  (see  page  610). 

This  may,  perhaps,  be  an  additional  species  of  Opisthosyllis. 

The  posterior  tooth  of  the  oesophagus  is  more  distinct.  The 
stomach  is  much  like  that  of  the  type  described  above.  The  cirri 
and  antennae  are  shorter  and  more  curled,  the  longer  ones  about 
the  diameter  of  the  body,  but  the  entire  body  and  the  appendages 
are  much  contracted. 

The  anterior  setae  are  fewer,  stouter,  and  longer  than  in  the  type 
of  nuchalis , especially  the  upper  ones,  on  which  the  blades  are 
shorter  and  wider,  with  incurved  tips,  which  are  not  bidentate. 

The  posterior  setae  are  decidedly  longer  and  stouter  than  the  ante- 
rior, with  very  oblique,  shorter  incurved  blades,  all  with  acute  tips. 
Two  stout  acute  acicula  occur  in  the  posterior  fascicles ; three  in  the 
anterior. 

Length,  as  contracted,  10.5mm;  diameter,  1.2mm  ; much  longer  in 
life. 

Bailey  Bay,  at  low-tide,  in  Palythoa. 

Eusyllis  (Synsyllis)  viridula,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  very  slender,  pale  green  syllid  with  short,  slender  dorsal 
cirri  scarcely  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  body  ; oesophagus  long, 
slender,  with  the  margin  minutely  denticulated ; stomach  long ; 
palpi  rather  short. 

The  head  is  transversely  elliptical,  with  the  middle  of  the  front 
margin  slightly  prominent  and  the  posterior  margin  a little  emargi- 
nate.  Eyes  small,  light  brown. 

Palpi  separate  to  base,  nearly  regularly  broad-ovate,  about  as  long 
as  the  head,  obtusely  rounded  at  the  end  and  not  concave  on  the 
inner  margin. 

The  antennse  are  scarcely  tapered,  rather  short,  about  equal  to  the 
breadth  of  the  head,  projecting  somewhat  beyond  the  palpi,  consist- 
ing of  about  9 annuli,  the  distal  ones  well  defined.  The  upper  ten- 
tacular cirri  are  about  J longer  and  rather  stouter  ; the  lower  ones 
are  about  equal  to  the  antenna?  in  size  and  length. 

The  dorsal  cirri  on  segments  1-4  are  rather  more  slender  than  the 
upper  tentacular  cirri  but  of  about  the  same  length  and  about  equal 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


623 


to  the  breadth  of  the  body,  with  well-defined  annuli,  those  on  the 
distal  portion  being  rather  longer  than  broad.  Farther  back  the 
cirri  gradually  become  shorter  and  more  slender,  but  unequally  so, 
longer  and  shorter  ones  often  alternating,  the  longer  ones  scarcely 
equal  to  f the  breadth  of  the  body,  composed  of  about  12  annuli, 
the  shorter  about  half  as  long.  Back  of  the  gastric  region  the  cirri 
become  shorter  and  more  nearly  alike,  equal  to  about  ^ to  ^ the 
breadth  of  the  adjacent  segments,  composed  of  6 to  8 annuli, 
tapered,  and  subacute.  The  ventral  cirri  are  ovate,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  setigerous  lobes.  The  parapodia  are  large  and  the  segments  are 
rounded  and  separated  by  well  marked  constrictions. 

The  setae  are  few  ; in  the  anterior  fascicles  there  are  usually  4 or 
5,  all  compound,  with  slender  stems  ; the  upper  ones  have  slender 
lanceolate  blades,  4-6  times  as  long  as  wide ; the  lower  ones  have 
shorter  blades,  2-2%  times  as  long  as  wide ; the  tips  are  incurved 
and  most  of  them  are  very  minutely  bidentate.  One  or  two  slender 
subacute  acicula  are  usually  present,  but  they  rarely  project  beyond 
the  ends  of  the  parapodia.  Posterior  to  the  stomach  the  seta3  are 
reduced  to  2 or  3 long  compound  ones,  with  very  short  blades  ; from 
segments  20-22  they  are  replaced  by  1 or  2 simple  bidentate  setre  or 
crotchets,  but  compound  setae  may  have  existed  on  the  lost  caudal 
segments;  the  posterior  setae  are  much  longer  than  the  anterior,  with 
a much  stouter  stem,  terminating  in  a bifid  or  two-pronged  tip,  evi- 
dently due  to  the  consolidation  of  a short  blade  with  the  stem. 
There  are  usually  two  stout  acicula,  one  with  a blunt  tip  and  the 
other  hooked. 

The  oesophagus  is  very  long  and  slender,  occupying  about  12  seg- 
ments ; it  has  a bulbous  swelling  a little  back  of  the  anterior  end  ; 
the  margin  is  a little  emarginate,  with  the  dorsal  side  longer ; the 
edge  is  finely  denticulated  ; the  tooth  is  large  and  elongated,  acumi- 
nate, with  a sharp  tip  which  projects  beyond  the  edge.  The  stomach 
is  nearly  opaque,  whitish,  rather  long  and  thick,  occupying  6 seg- 
ments. It  is  covered  with  about  38  rows  of  distinct  rounded  groups, 
separated  by  definite  narrow  lines  of  green  cells,  which  unite  in 
the  median  line  to  form  a row  of  angular  groups. 

The  color  in  formalin  is  pale  green  with  a darker  green  line  across 
the  middle  of  each  anterior  segment,  above;  stomach  opaque,  whitish. 

Length  of  the  type,  without  caudal  segments,  15mm;  diameter,  .5mm. 

Eusyllis  (Synsyllis)  longigularis,  sp.  nov. 

Body  long  and  slender  with  short  dorsal  cirri,  and  a long  slender 
oesophagus,  minutely  denticulate  at  the  margin.  Head  small,  rather 


624 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


wider  than  long,  and  slightly  trilobed  anteriorly,  emarginate  poste- 
riorly. Eyes  small,  black,  the  anterior  ones  a little  larger  and  farther 
apart.  Palpi  large,  divergent,  the  free  part  rather  longer  than  head, 
the  inner  margin  concave,  tips  obtuse.  Tentacle  slender,  tapered, 
rather  short,  extending  about  to  ends  of  palpi.  Antennae  tapered, 
somewhat  shorter  and  smaller,  distinctly  beaded,  with  8 to  10  annuli. 
Upper  tentacular  cirrus  similar  in  form,  about  twice  as  long  as  ten- 
tacle, with  about  15  annuli ; lower  one  smaller,  about  ^ as  long,  with 
8-10  annuli.  The  first  and  some  of  the  other  dorsal  cirri  are  as  long 
as,  or  longer  than,  the  dorsal  tentacular  cirri,  and  equal  to  about  twice 
the  breadth  of  the  first  segment.  In  the  type  longer  cirri  occur  on 
segments  ] , 2,  4,  6 ; shorter  ones  on  3,  5,  7,  8.  Farther  back  the  longer 
dorsal  cirri  are  mostly  less  than  the  diameter  of  the  body,  and  on  the 
posterior  half  they  are  equal  to  about  -J  the  diameter  of  the  corre- 
sponding segments.  They  are  all  tapered  and  neatly  beaded.  Cau- 
dal cirri  larger  than  the  adjacent  dorsal  cirri  and  twice  as  long. 

The  anterior  setae,  5-7  in  a group,  have  the  blade  narrow,  nearly 
straight,  3 to  3^  times  as  long  as  broad  ; shorter  below  and  on  the 
more  posterior  segments  ; the  tips  minutely  bidentate.  Setae  beyond 
the  20th  segment  are  reduced  to  2 or  3 in  each  fascicle,  much  longer 
and  stouter  than  the  anterior  ones  and  about  equal  to  the  dorsal 
cirri  ; the  longer  one  is  a two-pronged  crotchet ; on  the  compound 
ones  the  blades  are  short,  ratios  1 : 1 J-lf,  the  tips  bidentate  ; on  the 
last  10  segments  the  setae  are  all  compound.  They  are  accompanied 
by  1 or  2 spiniform  acicula. 

The  oesophagus  is  brown,  very  long  and  slender,  occupying  about 
13  segments  ; its  tooth  is  near  the  front  margin,  which  is  unevenly 
finely  serrulate  with  about  16  denticles.  The  stomach  is  narrow, 
cylindrical,  rather  short,  occupying  about  5%  segments,*  with  many 
crowded  rows  of  small  cell-groups  and  a median  sulcus.  Color,  yel- 
lowish white.  Length,  in  formalin,  about  15ram  ; diameter,  .5mm. 

Branchiosyllis  lamellifera,  sp.  nov. 

A small  greenish  syllid  with  compact  segments,  wide  truncated 
head,  blunt  falcate  palpi,  beaded  dorsal  cirri,  and  large  parapodia, 
having;  a leaf-like  gill  on  their  anterior  side.  Setae  with  short  blades. 

Head  large,  broader  than  long,  widest  near  the  front ; the  anterior 
margin  nearly  straight,  but  has  a small  rounded  lobe  in  the  middle  ; 


* The  number  of  segments  occupied  by  the  stomach  or  oesophagus  varies  con- 
siderably in  all  the  species,  owing  to  the  great  contractility  of  the  segments.  It 
is  a character  of  some  value,  however,  if  taken  relatively. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


625 


sides  rounded,  but  narrowing  backward,  posterior  margin  cordate- 
emarginate  in  the  middle.  Eyes  4,  rather  large,  nearly  black,  placed 
in  advance  of  the  middle,  nearly  in  a transverse  row,  the  posterior 
ones  being  ^ smaller  and  a little  farther  back,  distant  less  than 
their  diameter  from  the  others.  Palpi  broad,  obtuse,  with  the  inner 
edge  incurved  and  the  ends  usually  bent  downward,  the  free  part 
about  as  long  as  the  head. 

The  tentacle  is  short,  tapered,  scarcely  longer  than  head,  reaching 
but  little  beyond  the  ends  of  the  palpi,  basal  part  not  beaded,  the 
two  or  three  distal  beads  more  evident.  Antennae  like  the  tentacle, 
but  shorter. 

Tentacular  cirri  are  large,  but  not  very  long,  scarcely  tapered  ; the 
upper  one  is  about  J longer  than  the  lower,  composed  of  14  annuli, 
the  distal  ones  being  nearly  as  long  as  broad,  and  separated  by  deep 
constrictions.  The  first  dorsal  cirrus  is  similar  to,  and  about  ^ longer 
than  the  upper  tentacular  cirrus,  or  about  1^  times  longer  than  the 
diameter  of  its  segment;  the  second  is  less  than  ^ as  long;  the  third 
is  longer  than  the  first.  Farther  back  the  cirri  are  variable  in  length, 
part  of  them  being  rather  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  body  and 
others  not  half  as  long,  of  about  10-12  annuli.  The  parapodia  are 
large  and  prominent  ; the  setigerous  lobe  terminates  in  two  small 
papillae  ; the  ventral  cirrus  is  stout  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  setiger- 
ous lobe. 

The  gill  is  present  on  all  the  segments  ; beginning  as  a small 
rounded  lobe  anteriorly,  it  increases  to  an  ovate  form  a little  farther 
back  ; along  the  middle  region  of  the  body  it  becomes  much  larger, 
broad,  foliaceous,  with  three  or  sometimes  four  lobes,  becoming 
more  simple  and  smaller  posteriorly.  The  larger  ones  are  as  long  as 
the  thickness  of  the  parapodia  and  considerably  wider. 

Setae  are  large  and  long.  The  compound  ones,  of  which  there  are 
usually  2 to  4,  have  a small  and  short  incurved  blade,  wider  at  base, 
with  an  acute,  hook-like  tip  ; the  length  is  about  equal  to  the  breadth. 
With  these  there  are  one  or  two  somewhat  stouter,  acute  acicula, 
with  the  tips  slightly  bent  and  projecting  but  little  or  not  at  all 
beyond  the  setigerous  lobes. 

The  oesophagus  is  small,  cylindrical,  short,  occupying  5 or  6 seg- 
ments, light  colored,  cylindric,  with  a stout,  conical  tooth  near  the 
dorsal  edge ; the  margin  is  indistinct,  but  appears  to  be  finely  irreg- 
ularly denticulated.  The  stomach  is  thick,  pale  in  color,  and  slightly 
longer  than  the  oesophagus,  occupying  6 segments. 


626 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Color,  in  formalin,  light  green,  with  indication  of  a broad,  darker 
greenish  band  across  each  segment  ; in  one  specimen  there  is  a pale 
line  between  the  segments  .and  a row  of  darker  roundish  spots  with 
pale  centers  along  each  side  ; the  gills  were  apparently  dark  green. 
The  color  in  life  was  not  noted. 

Rare,  only  three  specimens  seen,  none  perfect. 

It  is  closely  related  to  B.  oculata  Ehlers,  from  Florida,  described 
from  a single  small,  imperfect  specimen,  but  the  latter  has  smaller 
and  shorter  simple  gills,  and  a differently  shaped  head. 

Desmosyllis  longisetosa,  sp.  nov.  (See  p.  635.) 

A small,  slender,  6-eyed  species  with  long,  well-beaded  antennae 
and  dorsal  cirri  ; setae  of  two  kinds,  compound  and  simple  ; the 
upper  anterior  have  long,  slender,  acute  blades. 

Head  broader  than  long,  widest  in  front  of  middle,  with  the  pos- 
terior border  emarginate  and  the  front  with  a medial  lobe.  Palpi 
short  and  broad,  oblong  ovate,  united  for  about  ^ their  length,  wider 
than  the  head  and  about  as  long.  The  four  larger  eyes  are  black 
and  conspicuous,  though  small,  the  anterior  are  a little  larger  and 
much  farther  apart,  though  only  a little  farther  forward  ; the  third 
pair  are  minute,  situated  at  the  bases  of  the  antennae.  The  tentacle 
is  large  and  long,  5 or  6 times  as  long  as  the  head,  composed  of  about 
28  annuli,  of  which  23  are  beyond  the  ends  of  the  palpi;  the  annuli 
are  mostly  about  1^  times  wider  than  long,  but  the  distal  ones  are 
about  as  long  as  broad,  elliptical,  with  deep  constrictions  between. 

The  antennae  are  similar  and  nearly  as  stout  as  the  tentacle  and 
about  | as  long,  with  about  24  beads.  The  upper  tentacular  cirri 
are  like  the  tentacle  and  longer,  projecting  forward  nearly  as  far  ; 
the  lower  ones  are  about  half  as  long.  The  dorsal  cirri  are  all  long 
and  strongly  beaded,  but  those  of  the  first  10  segments  are  particu- 
larly long,  some  of  them  being  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  upper 
tentacular  cirri  and  5 or  more  times  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the 
body,  with  about  38  annuli  ; those  left  near  the  posterior  end  are 
about  4 times  the  diameter  of  the  corresponding  segment,  but  most 
are  lost  posteriorly. 

Ventral  cirri  slender,  tapered,  nearly  as  long  as  the  setigerous 
lobes.  Setae  are  numerous  and  long ; those  of  the  anterior  fascicles 
have  the  free  part  longer  than  half  the  diameter  of  the  body  ; the 
posterior  are  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  corresponding  segments  ; 
the  upper  anterior  setae  have  long,  narrow,  straight  blades,  8-10  times 
as  long  as  wide,  with  the  tip  incurved  and  faintly  bidentate  ; the 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas . 


627 


lower  ones  have  the  blades  only  4 to  6 times  as  long  as  wide  ; the 
posterior  fascicles  have  numerous  similar  compound  set*  and  also 
one  slender,  acute,  simple  straight  seta,  usually  rather  shorter  than 
the  rest ; a smaller  simple  seta  occurs  in  many  anterior  fascicles. 

The  oesophagus  is  short,  with  a median  tooth,  but  its  margin  could 
not  be  distinctly  seen.  The  stomach  is  short,  occupying  about  6 seg- 
ments, strongly  elliptical,  covered  with  regular  rows  of  squarish 
cell-clusters. 


Odontosyllis  enopla,  sp.  nov. 

A large  species  with  a dark  brown,  wide,  short  oesophagus,  armed 
with  a ventral  row  of  six  stout,  recurved,  hook-like  teeth  anteriorly, 
besides  the  median  dorsal  tooth. 

Head  large,  broader  than  long,  broadly  rounded  in  front  and  on 
the  sides  ; posteriorly  with  two  rounded  lobes,  separated  by  a small 
median  emargination.  Eyes  black,  unequal,  the  anterior  ones  much 
the  larger,  reniform  ; those  of  each  side  are  so  close  together  that 
they  seem  to  be  almost  in  contact. 

Palpi  shorter  than  the  head,  rather  wide,  thin,  often  wrinkled  or 
folded  in  contraction,  and  commonly  curved  downward. 

Tentacle  tapered,  rather  slender,  not  annulated,  its  length  about 
1 i times  that  of  the  head.  Antenn*  similar,  about  ^ as  long.  Ten- 
tacular cirri  similar  to  the  tentacle,  the  upper  one  rather  larger  and 
longer ; the  lower  ones  shorter  ; first  dorsal  cirrus  decidedly  longer 
and  larger  than  the  upper  tentacular  cirrus.  Succeeding  ones  mostly 
shorter,  unequal,  alternately  shorter  and  longer,  tapered  distally  ; the 
longer  ones  are  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  body,  the  shorter  ones 
about  \ as  long  ; those  on  setigerous  segments  3,  4,  6,  9 are  longer 
than  the  others. 

The  set*  are  all  similar,  numerous,  slender,  short,  projecting  but 
little  beyond  the  parapodia,  with  short  rather  wide  blades,  ratio  as 
1 : 2|-3  ; their  tips  are  strongly  incurved  and  acute,  with  a small 
denticle  a little  distant  from  the  end.  Two  spiniform  yellow  acicula 
usually  occur  in  each  fascicle. 

The  oesophagus  is  short  and  occupies  about  4 segments  ; its  mar- 
gin is  incurved  and  strongly  emarginate  dorsally.  It  bears  a group 
of  6 nearly  equal,  parallel,  recurved  hooks  or  teeth,  which  are  large 
and  strong.  The  conical  dorsal  tooth  is  near  the  margin. 

The  stomach  is  large  and  occupies  8 segments ; it  is  wide,  ellip- 
tical, and  about  twice  as  long  as  the  oesophagus.  Its  surface  is  cov- 


628 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellarici,  Nemertina , and 


ered  with  angular  or  alveolar  markings,  often  hexagonal,  so  as  to 
have  a honeycomb-like  appearance,  but  not  arranged  in  definite 

TOWS. 

Color,  in  formalin,  is  nearly  white,  except  when  containing  eggs. 

Length,  25mm  ; diameter,  about  1.5mm. 

One  of  the  largest  specimens  has  all  the  segments  back  of  the 
gastric  region  filled  with  eggs. 

Odontosyllis  brachydonta,  sp.  nov. 

Similar  to  0.  enopla  in  size  and  form,  but  easily  distinguished  by 
the  very  short  tapering  oesophagus  and  the  much  smaller  size  of  its 
ventral  teeth,  and  by  the  4 well  separated  eyes. 

Head  large,  but  smaller  and  narrower  than  in  0.  enopla , deeply 
emarginate  in  front  and  with  two  prominent  lobes,  most  prominent 
and  somewhat  angular  in  front  of  the  anterior  eyes  ; sides  broadly 
convex  ; posterior  margin  cordate-emarginate. 

The  buccal  segment  extends  forward  as  a collar  with  median 
and  lateral  lobes.  Tentacle  without  articulations,  stout  at  base, 
rapidly  tapered,  in  length  about  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  head. 
Antennae  similar,  about  shorter.  Upper  tentacular  cirri  and  many 
of  the  dorsal  cirri  are  larger  and  J to  J longer  than  the  tentacular 
cirri,  but  similar  in  form,  usually  curled  in  contraction  ; the  longer 
ones  exceed  the  diameter  of  the  body.  Setae  numerous  and  crowded, 
slender,  with  small  and  short  blades,  ratio  about  1 : 2-3 ; the  tips  are 
'distinctly  bidentate,  with  the  denticle  somewhat  removed  from  the 
strongly  incurved  tip.  (Esophagus  dark  umber-brown,  very  short, 
about  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  base  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the 
anterior  end  ; its  edge  is  narrowly  revolute  ; the  6 ventral  teeth  are 
small  and  short,  with  angular  bases,  in  a regular  row  ; the  four  cen- 
tral teeth  are  larger  than  the  lateral ; median  tooth  near  the  dorsal 
margin.  Stomach  large,  long-elliptical,  light  colored,  shorter  than 
in  enopla. 

The  only  specimen  found  has  lost  the  caudal  portion.  It  is  sim- 
ilar to  0.  enopla  in  size.  Each  anterior  segment  is  crossed  by  a 
narrow  dark  line. 

Grubeosyllis  nitidula,  sp.  nov.  (See  p.  634.) 

A very  small,  slender,  nearly  smooth  species,  consisting  of  about 
25  setigerous  segments;  the  antennse  and  all  the  cirri  fusiform  with 
slender  acuminate  tips  ; eyes  large,  black;  setje  with  relatively  long 
blades. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas 


629 


Head  rather  large  for  the  body,  evenly  rounded  in  front  and  on 
the  sides,  subtruncate  posteriorly.  Eyes  are  conspicuous;  the 
anterior  ones  are  about  twice  as  large  as  the  others  and  farther  apart, 
the  distance  between  being  about  equal  to  the  diameter  of  a pos- 
terior eye. 

Palpi  large,  broader  than  the  head,  united  together  nearly  to  the 
tips,  which  are  separated  by  a notch  or  emargination ; the  length 
of  the  projecting  portion  is  equal  to  the  length  of  the  head. 

Tentacle  is  as  long  as  the  head  and  palpi  combined,  slender,  some- 
what fusiform  proximally,  the  tip  long  and  acuminate,  without  dis- 
tinct annulations,  but  with  some  very  minute  rough  points.  Anten- 
nae similar  in  form,  but  about  \ shorter.  Tentacular  cirri  two  on 
each  side,  of  about  the  same  length,  and  like  the  antennae  in  size 
and  form.  First  dorsal  cirrus  like  the  tentacular  cirri,  but  about  ^ 
longer.  The  following  cirri  are  about  equal  to  the  tentacle  in 
length,  or  nearly  equal  to  the  diameter  of  the  body  ; nearly  smooth, 
but  showing  a few  scattered,  minute,  conical  papillae  when  highly 
magnified.  The  anterior  parapodia  are  rather  long,  equal  to  about  ^ 
the  breadth  of  the  segment. 

The  compound  setae  are  long  and  rather  numerous  ; the  upper 
ones  have  a long,  slender,  nearly  straight,  acute  blade,  ratio  about 
1 : 8-12;  the  lower  ones  have  shorter  blades,  ratio  1 : 5-6.  In  most 
fascicles  there  is  also  a single,  slender,  needle-like  seta,  about  as 
long  as  the  others. 

The  oesophagus  is  short  and  rather  stout,  occupying  about  3 seg- 
ments, and  in  length  about  equal  to  the  stomach,  which  is  thick  and 
nearly  cylindrical,  occupying  2 J segments ; it  is  covered  with  close 
rows  of  dark  clustered  cells. 

Grubeosyllis  rugulosa,  sp.  nov. 

A very  small  species  writh  28  segments,  with  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  body  and  cirri  roughened  with  minute  conical  papillae. 

Eyes  well  developed,  dark  brown,  close  together.  Palpi  large, 
united  nearly  to  the  tips,  longer  than  the  head,  a little  broader  than 
long.  Tentacle  and  antennae  of  about  the  same  form  and  size, 
shorter  than  head,  fusiform,  with  a small  acuminate  tip.  Tentacular 
cirri  short,  similar  to  the  tentacle  in  size  and  form,  nearly  equal. 
Dorsal  cirri  all  short  and  much  like  the  tentacular  cirri. 

The  compound  setae  are  rather  long  and  slender,  usually  4-6  in  a 
fascicle;  in  the  anterior  fascicles  the  upper  ones  have  rather  long, 
narrow,  slightly  curved  blades,  and  the  lower  ones  blades  about 
half  as  long  and  more  incurved  ; posteriorly  they  are  all  shorter  and 


630 


A.  M Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


more  incurved.  In  each  fascicle  there  is  usually  one  slender,  needle- 
like, acute  seta,  nearly  as  long  as  the  others. 

The  oesophagus  is  rather  short,  hut  -J  longer  than  the  stomach, 
with  a large  tooth.  The  stomach  is  short  elliptical,  as  broad  as  long, 
and  occupies  but  one  segment.  The  parapodia  and  setae  are  promi- 
nent, especially  posteriorly,  where  they  are  as  long  as  the  breadth 
of  the  body ; anteriorly  they  are  about  -J  its  breadth. 

Length,  3mm;  diameter,  .2mm. 

Only  one  specimen  was  found. 

Autolytus  (Proceraea)  simplex,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species  with  long  slender  tentacle  and  antennae, 
and  three  pairs  of  cirri  that  are  still  longer,  other  dorsal  cirri  short. 
Head  small  and  rounded;  eyes  black,  rather  large,  those  of  the  same 
side  in  contact  or  nearly  so,  the  anterior  a little  larger  ; a few  black 
pigment  cells  at  the  front  border  of  the  head  may  represent  a pair 
of  ocelli.  Palpi  small,  rounded,  united. 

Antennae  and  tentacle  similar,  long,  slender,  smooth,  scarcely 
tapered,  with  slight  indications  of  articulations,  three  or  four  times 
as  long  as  the  head  and  palpi  combined.  Tentacular  cirri  similar 
to  the  tentacle  in  size  and  form,  the  upper  ones  nearly  twice  as  long  ; 
lower  ones  about  equal  to  the  antennae.  First  and  second  dorsal 
cirri  are  like  the  upper  tentacular  cirrus,  or  a little  longer.  All  the 
succeeding  cirri  are  small  and  very  short,  the  length  from  1 to  J the 
diameter  of  the  body.  Caudal  cirri  long  and  tapered,  distinctly 
annulated. 

The  setae  are  all  essentially  alike  ; anteriorly  there  are  6-8  in  a* 
fascicle,  with  the  stems  slender  and  subclavate,  the  blades  are  small 
and  very  short,  ratio  about  as  1 : lj  to  ; their  tips  are  slightly 
incurved  and  minutely  bidentate  at  the  end. 

The  oesophagus  is  long,  slender,  and  folded,  occupying  11  seg- 
ments. The  stomach  occupies  5 segments  ; it  is  rather  short,  cylin- 
drical, narrowed  at  both  ends,  with  numerous  close,  narrow  rows  of 
glands. 

The  bases  of  the  parapodia  back  of  the  stomach  are  swollen, 
rounded,  and  dark  colored,  causing  a conspicuous  lateral  row  of 
spots  on  each  side,  which  extend  forward  nearly  to  the  head. 

A constriction  occurs  at  the  40th  segment,  indicating  the  forma- 
tion there  of  the  head  of  a sexual  zooid,  which  has  two  small 
eye-specks,  but  no  special  appendages  are  present.  The  zooid  con- 
tains 21  segments  and  is  already  full  of  eggs. 

Length,  5mm  ; diameter,  .25mm. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


631 


In  addition  to  the  numerous  species  of  Syllidse  described  above, 
there  are,  apparently,  single  specimens  of  several  others,  but  some 
of  them  are  not  perfectly  preserved,  and  others  are  so  contracted 
that  essential  features,  like  the  armature  of  the  oesophagus,  cannot 
be  made  out  without  destroying  the  specimens.  Among  these  there 
are,  apparently,  another  Trypanosyttis , an  Autolytus , and  perhaps  an 
additional  Eusyllis.  Many  additional  Syllidse  will  probably  be  dis- 
covered at  the  Bermudas  when  carefully  sought  for,  especially  at 
different  seasons  of  the  year. 


Autolytus  (Procersea)  rubropunctatus  (Grube). 

Sylline  rubropunctata  Grube,  Arch,  fur  Naturg.,  1860,  I,  p.  87,  pi.  iii,  fig.  8. 

Autolytus  ( Procercea ) ornatus  Mar.  & Bohr.,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Ser.  6,  II,  p.  44, 
pi.  v,  figs.  14-14d,  1875,  (non  Verrill,  1874) ; St.  Joseph,  Ann.  Polych. 
Cotes  Dinard,  Annales  des  Sci.  Natur.,  Ser.  7,  vol.  1,  p.  220,  pi.  x,  figs.  98, 
99,  1886. 

Procercea  rubropunctata  Lang.,  Zeits.  fur  Wissen.  Zool.,  xxxii,  p.  579,  pi.  xxxii, 
figs.  30a,  30 b,  1879. 

This  European  species  has  also  been  recorded  from  Beaufort, 
N.  C.,  and  is,  therefore,  likely  to  be  found  at  the  Bermudas. 

It  is  peculiarly  marked  with  a transverse  row  of  four  orange  spots 
on  each  segment,  and  has  larger  palpi  than  usual  in  this  group. 

The  species  originally  named  S tephanosyllis  picta  V.  in  1874,  was 
soon  afterwards  changed  by  me,  (Ainer.  Jour.  Sci.,  1874)  to  Stepliano- 
syllis  ornata.  Since  Procercea  and  Stephcinosyllis  are  now  generally 
considered  synonymous,  that  specific  name  cannot  be  used  for  the 
European  species.  It  should  be  designated  as  above  indicated. 

Our  New  England  species  may  bear  the  name  A.  ( Procercea ) 
ornatus,  unless  some  reliable  characters  can  be  found  for  the  separa- 
tion of  Stephanosyllis. 


632 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nernertina , and 


Analytical  table  of  the  Genera  of  Bermudian  Syllidce.,  described 

above. 

I. — Palpi  large,  separate  to  their  bases. 

A.  — (Esophagus  with  only  a single  median  tooth.  Antennae  and  cirri  monili- 

form. 

B.  — Parapodia  without  a branchial  lobe. 

C.  — Median  tooth  near  anterior  end  of  oesophagus. 

D.  — Margin  of  oesophagus  entire  or  nearly  so.  * Syllis. 

a.  — Setae  all  compound  and  similar,  but  differing  somewhat  in  relative  length 

of  blades.  Subgen. , Typosyllis. 

aa. — Upper  anterior  setae  with  abruptly  longer,  narrow  blades. 

Subgen.,  Ehlersia. 

aaa. — Setae  few,  simple,  without  blades  ; end  bidentate.  Haplosyllis,  sp. 
DD. — Margin  of  oesophagus  dentate  or  serrulate. 

b.  — Margin  serrulate  or  finely  dentate. 

c.  — Setae  all,  or  in  part,  compound.  Eusyllis. 

cc. — Anterior  setae  compound;  those  of  middle  region  mostly  two-pronged 

crotchets.  Synsyllis. 

ccc. — Setae  few  ; all' simple  with  bidentate  ends.  Haplosyllis. 

bb. — Margin  strongly  dentate  or  scalloped. 

d.  — (Esophagus  straight.  Trypano syllis. 

dd. — (Esophagus  folded,  slender.  Pterosyllis. 

CC. — Median  tooth  of  oesophagus  near  its  posterior  end  ; margin  entire  ; open- 
ing wide.  A buccal  collar.  Setae  mostly  compound  ; blades  acute. 

Opisthosyllis. 

BB. — Parapodia  with  a branchial  lamella.  Setae  all  compound,  with  acute, 
claw-like  blades.  Branchiosyllis. 

A A. — (Esophagus  short,  with  a ventral  row  of  recurved  teeth.  Cirri  not  moni- 
liform.  Setae  compound,  with  acute,  incurved  blades. 

Odontosyllis. 

II. — Palpi  large,  more  or  less  united  medially.  (Esophagus  with  a median 
tooth. 

e.  — Palpi  only  partially  united.  Antennae  and  cirri  long,  moniliform. 

g. — Setae  all  simple  with  bidentate  ends.  Hemisyllis. 

gg.— Setae  mostly  compound  ; simple  setae  acute.  Desmosyllis. 

ee. — Palpi  united  nearly  or  quite  to  their  tips.  Antennae  and  cirri  short,  fusi- 
form, not  moniliform.  Buccal  segment  distinct,  with  2 pairs  of  ten- 
tacular cirri.  Grubeosyllis. 

III. — Palpi  small,  or  rudimentary,  or  wanting. 

E.  — Head  normal  ; oesophagus  and  stomach  well-developed. 

Stem-form  of  Autolytus. 

EE. — Head  abnormal.  Eyes  large.  (Esophagus  and  stomach  wanting  or 
rudimentary.  Capillary  setae  usually  present.  (Sexual  zooids.) 

/. — Antennae  and  tentacular  cirri  present.  $ Autolytus. 

ff. — Antennae  and  tentacular  cirri  absent.  Tetraglene. 

fff. — Tentacular  cirri  absent.  Chcetosyllis 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


633 


Remarks  on  certain  genera  of  Syllidce . 

Amblyosyilis  Grube  non  Langerhans. 

The  genus  Amblyosyilis  Grube  (Vidensk.  Meddel.  Naturhis.  For., 
Kjobenhavn,  1857,  p.  186)  seems  to  have  been  misunderstood  by 
later  writers.  It  seems  to  be  widely  different  from  the  genus  of 
that  name  as  defined  by  Langerhans  and  adopted  by  others. 

As  originally  established  it  included  only  A.  rhombeata  from  St. 
Croix.  It  was  said  to  agree  with  S yllis  as  to  its  body,  parapodia,. 
cirri,  and  setae,  but  the  cephalic  lobe  is  coalescent  with  the  buccal 
segment,  and  palpi  are  wanting.  “ Tentacles  3,  tentacular  cirri  2, 
eyes  2.”  Under  the  specific  description  these  characters  are  re- 
affirmed. The  tentacular  cirri  are  again  said  to  be  2 “(utrinque  1).” 
The  setae  are  numerous,  compound,  with  long  linear  blades.  The 
body-segments  are  few  (14).  The  two  eyes  are  large,  oval.  The 
tentacles  (antennae)  and  cirri  are  long  and  imperfectly  articulated  or 
“ crenulated.” 

It  is,  perhaps,  the  sexual  zooid  of  some  better  known  genus,  but 
the  single  pair  of  tentacular  cirri  and  eyes,  and  the  absence  of  dis- 
tinct palpi  are  characters  entirely  at  variance  with  the  genus 
Amblyosyilis  of  Langerhans,  unless  it  be  arbitrarily  assumed  that  it 
was  very  badly  described. 

The  latter  is  made  nearly  equivalent  to  Pterosyllis  Clap,  and  nine 
species  were  referred  to  it,  besides  Grube’s  type.  As  defined,  it 
scarcely  differs  from  Trypanosyllis , except  in  having  a long,  folded 
oesophagus.  But  it  has  two  pairs  or  three  pairs  of  eyes  ; two  pairs 
of  tentacular  cirri;  a distinct  buccal  segment;  and  two  free,  separate 
palpi,  which  are  usually  small  and  bent  down  under  the  head. 

To  this  genus  of  Langerhans  belongs  the  elegant  New  England 
species,  Pterosyllis  cincinnata  Ver.  (1874,  p.  394,  and  1881,  p.  308). 
The  latter  has  rather  small,  but  distinct,  palpi  ; six  eyes  ; and  very 
long  moniliform  cirri. 

Until  the  original  species  of  Grube  can  be  reexamined,  it  would 
appear  to  be  far  better  to  retain  Pterosyllis  for  the  northern  genus, 
for  it  is  probable  that  there  are  still  numerous  unknown  generic 
types  of  annelids  in  the  West  Indies. 

Grubeosyllis  V.,  nom.  nov.=Grubea  Quatr. 

The  name  Grubea  Quatr.,  1865,  was  preoccupied  by  Grubea  Dies- 
ing, 1858,  a genus  of  trematode  worms.  Therefore  I propose  to  sub- 
stitute for  it  Grubeosyllis.  (See  the  analytical  table,  p.  632,  for  the 
generic  characters.) 


634 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria,  Nemertina , and 


Several  species  occur  on  the  U.  States  east  coast;  among  them  are 
G.  WebsteriY . ; G.  maculata  V.,  sp.  nov.,  which  is  a stouter  species, 
but  similar  to  the  last ; has  a larger  and  wider  head  and  larger  eyes, 
and  a large  buccal  segment,  on  which  there  are  four  dark  ovate 
spots  ; the  antennae  and  cirri  are  longer  and  have  a middle  band  of 
brown  with  acuminate,  acute  tips  ; and  G.fusca  V.,  sp.  nov.,  which  is 
distinguished  from  both  by  its  shorter  and  wider  palpi  and  head, 
more  swollen  and  shorter  antennae  and  cirri,  shorter  and  more 
elliptical  stomach,  and  by  having  crowded  brown  spots  on  its  dorsal 
surface,  becoming  fewer  in  front  of  the  stomach,  and  by  its  large 
anterior  eyes. 

There  are  also  several  Mediterranean  and  Madeira  species,  as  G. 
fusifera  (Quatr.);  G.  clavata  (Clap.);  G.  dolichopoda  Marentz., 
also  recorded  from  New  Jersey  by  Webster  ; G,  pusilla  (Duj.) ; G. 
tenuicirrata  (Clap.)  ; G.  limbata  (Clap.).  By  Langerhans  the  first 
three  of  these  European  species  are  considered  identical. 

Eusyllis  Malmgren. 

Under  this  genus  there  are  now  included  several  diverse  groups 
that  agree  in  having  the  anterior  margin  of  the  oesophagus  finely 
denticulated  but  differ  in  their  setae,  cirri,  palpi,  etc. 

Eusyllis,  typical  subgenus.  • 

If  we  consider  as  type,  the  first  of  the  two  species  of  Malmgren 
(E.  Blomstrandi ),  in  which  the  antennae  and  cirri  are  not  moniliform 
and  the  non-sexual  setae  are  mostly  compound  with  bidentate  blades, 
the  genus  would  scarcely  differ  from  Pionosyllis  Malmg.,  of  the 
same  date,  except  in  the  serrulation  of  the  oesophagus.  Pionosyllis 
was  originally  separated  mainly  on  account  of  its  capillary  setae,  now 
known  to  be  only  a sexual  character.  It  may  be  said  to  be  a Syllis 
without  articulated  cirri. 

As  it  is  convenient  to  have  a distinctive  name  for  this  particular 
type,  I propose  to  consider  it  a subgenus,  Eusyllis , differing  from  the 
next  group  in  having  the  appendages  imperfectly  articulated.  Be- 
sides the  compound  setae  there  is  an  acute  simple  seta  and  often  a 
bidentate  one  in  the  posterior  fascicles.  Saccular  gular  glands  are 
lacking  alongside  the  oesophagus. 

The  second  species  described  by  Malmgren  was  E.  monilicornis . 
It  has  been  redescribed  by  others  and  is  better  known  than  the  first 
species.  Its  palpi  are  separate  nearly  to  their  bases ; the  cirri  are 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


635 


more  distinctly  articulated  ; its  setae  are  partly  compound  with 
bidentate  tips,  as  in  Syllis , and  partly  simple,  with  bidentate  or 
forked  ends. 

Synsyllis,  subgen.  nov.  Type  S.  viridula  V. 

E.  viridula  Ver.,  described  above,  p.  622,  and  E longigularis  (p. 
624),  differ  from  the  type  chiefly  in  having  posteriorly  mostly  simple 
forked  setae  or  crotchets,  like  the  stem  of  a compound  seta  having 
a short  blade  consolidated  with  it ; and  by  having  regularly  beaded 
cirri  and  large,  entirely  separate  palpi,  as  in  Syllis. 

Langerhans  (1879,  p.  550)  united  E.  Blomstrandi  and  E.  lamel- 
ligera Mar.  and  Bobr.,  which  differ  so  considerably  that  it  seems 
impossible  they  can  be  identical.  St.  Joseph,  op.  cit.,  p.  171,  clearly 
separated  them.  Malmgren’s.  species  is  described  and  figured  as 
having  entirely  separate  palpi,  while  E.  lamelligera  is  represented 
as  having  them  united  for  nearly  half  their  length;  the  latter  also 
has  flat,  large,  differentiated  ventral  cirri  on  the  first  parapodia,  and 
a pair  of  large  saccular  gular  glands.  These  characters  would  indi- 
cate a generic  difference. 

Desmosyllis,  gen.  nov. 

Type  D.  tenera  Ver.,  Brief  Cont.,  53,  p.  368,  1882,  (as  Eusyllis). 
Two  species  from  our  coast — D.  tenera  Ver.  and  D.  fragilis  (Webs. 
1879,  as  Syllis)  agree  in  having  the  large  palpi  united  for  about 
half  their  length,  and  in  having  long,  regularly  articulated  antennae 
and  cirri.  Most  of  the  setae  are  compound  with  bidentate  blades,  as 
in  Syllis.  In  D.  longisetosa , (see  page  626)  there  is  also  a single, 
long,  needle-like  seta  in  most  of  the  fascicles. 

For  this  group,  which  I think  ought  to  rank  as  a distinct  genus, 
I propose  the  name  Desmosyllis.  To  it  may  belong  D.  lamelligera 
(Mar.  and  Bobr.)  referred  to  above,  though  in  the  latter  the  cirri  are 
less  strongly  articulated.  But  the  partial  union  of  the  palpi  is  a 
character  of  much  greater  importance. 

Hemisyllis  Ver.  See  p.  619,  above. 

The  Bermuda  species,  described  above  as  Hemisyllis  dispar , also 
has  the  palpi  half-united,  but  it  has  only  a few,  simple,  unequally 
bidentate  or  birostrate  setae,  all  alike,  as  in  Haplosyllis.  Like  the 
latter,  it  inhabits  sponges. 

Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  Vol.  X. 

42 


December,  1900. 


636 


A.  JE.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Marphysa  regalis,  sp.  nov. 

A highly  iridescent,  large,  robust  species,  composed  of  about  125 
to  130  segments,  narrowed  close  to  the  head.  The  branchiae  begin 
at  about  the  20th  segment  ; becoming  trifid  at  about  the  25th  or 
26th  segment,  and  4-branched  at  about  the  45th,  continuing  as  a 
simple  cirrus,  on  a large  number  of  more  posterior  segments.  In 
the  adult  some  branchiae  are  5-branched. 

Head  narrowed,  with  two  deeply  separated,  rounded  front  lobes. 
Three  median  antennae  are  about  equal,  tapered,  articulated,  with 
about  5 oblong  annuli,  not  deeply  constricted  ; length  about  one- 
half  the  breadth  of  the  buccal  segment  ; outer  antennae  similar, 
about  one  quarter  shorter. 

The  buccal  segment  is  as  long  dorsally  as  the  next  two,  or  as  long 
as  the  next  three  at  the  sides. 

From  18  to  22  anterior  setigerous  segments  are  without  branchiae. 
The  first  branchiae  are  usually  bifid  in  the  adult,  but  simple  in 
immature  individuals;  bifid  branchiae  continue  to  about  the  25th  or 
26th  setigerous  segments,  where  they  become  trifid,  with  long,  slen- 
der, nearly  equal  branches,  and  these  may  continue  for  a large 
number  of  segments,  but  in  the  fully  adult  specimens  they  become 
4-branched  on  a number  of  segments  back  of  the  45th,  and  a few 
sometimes  have  5 cirri.  Posteriorly  they  gradually  decrease ; being 
simple  on  about  40  segments,  and  wanting  on  the  last  60  segments. 

The  dorsal  cirri  on  the  anterior  20  segments  are  rather  long,  thick 
at  base,  rapidly  tapered  or  acuminate  distally,  and  faintly  annulated ; 
in  the  branchial  region  they  become  smaller  and  more  conical.  The 
first  pair  of  ventral  cirri  are  rather  long,  equal  to  the  setigerous 
lobe  ; a little  farther  back  they  became  low,  broad,  verruciform  with 
a small,  papilliform  terminal  joint. 

The  setae  in  the  branchiated  segments  are  numerous  ; in  the  upper 
fascicle  the  longer  capillary  setae  have  rather  long  and  slender  acu- 
minate tips;  they  are  accompanied  by  a number  of  brush-shaped 
setae  with  wide  ends.  In  the  lower  fascicle  all  the  setae  are  com- 
pound, and  have  rather  stout  stems,  with  enlarged  sublanceolate 
ends  ; blades  oblong-lanceolate,  the  ratios  as  1 : 4-5,  with  the  tips 
strongly  bidentate.  Each  fascicle  has  a large,  black,  spiniform 
aciculum,  that  of  the  upper  fascicle  larger  and  less  acute  ; their  tips 
project  somewhat,  as  preserved. 

Color,  in  formalin,  brownish  or  flesh-color,  mottled  with  darker, 
with  a brilliant  iridescence.  The  surface,  under  a lens,  appears 
minutely  punctate,  and  is  finely  specked  with  whitish  dorsally. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


637 


Length,  in  life,  over  a foot  ( + 300mm). 

Breadth  of  a large  hut  imperfect  specimen,  in  the  branchial 
region  (40th  segment)  is  9mm  ; of  buccal  segment,  4ram. 

Heteromarphysa,  gen.  nov. 

Body  slender  ; five  antennae  (or  tentacles)  and  a pair  of  separated 
ventral  palpi.  Head  rounded  in  front.  Eyes  4,  well  separated. 
Buccal  segment  large,  united  to  the  head  dorsally,  and  to  the  next 
segment  without  a visible  suture  (as  preserved).  Branchiae  lacking. 
Setae  of  several  sorts — compound,  capillary,  and  uncinate  ; ventral 
ones  in  the  anterior  fascicles,  compound.  Jaws  similar  to  those  of 
Para  m arphysa. 

Heteromarphysa  tenuis,  sp.  nov. 

Slender  and  rather  long,  with  elongated  segments,  separated  by 
constrictions,  except  the  first  four,  which  are  nearly  continuous, 
(perhaps  due  to  imperfect  preservation). 

Head  about  as  broad  as  long,  obtusely  rounded  in  front,  with  a 
minute  median  emargination  ; posterior  margin  more  broadly 
rounded  ; widest  behind  the  middle.  Eyes  4,  small,  black,  neatly 
equal,  nearly  in  a square  ; the  anterior  ones  situated  close  to  the 
anterior  margin  ; the  others,  rather  farther  apart,  are  behind  the 
outer  antennae.  The  palpi  are  rounded,  about  as  long  as  wide. 

The  jaws  are  mostly  soft  and  light  colored,  but  appear  to  agree 
closely  with  those  of  Paramarphysa. 

Antennae  very  long  and  slender,  tapered,  acute,  smooth,  not  artic- 
ulated, but  attached  to  a large  and  long  base.  The  inner  paired 
ones  are  the  longest,  being  about  5 times  the  breadth  of  the  head  ; 
odd  one  somewhat  shorter  ; outer  ones  about  one-quarter  the  length 
of  the  longest. 

The  buccal  segment  is  wider  than  the  head  and  continuous  with  it. 

Two  tentacular  cirri  are  present  on  one  specimen ; they  are  very 
long  and  slender.  The  larger  specimen  has  47  segments,  but  the 
posterior  end  is  gone.  Another  smaller  entire  one  has  38  segments. 

The  parapodia  are  longest  and  largest  on  the  anterior  segments, 
decreasing  rapidly,  but  not  abruptly,  in  length  after  about  the  7th. 

The  dorsal  and  ventral  cirri  are  about  equal  on  the  anterior  six 
segments,  rather  long,  tapered,  enlarged  at  base  and  tapered  dis- 
tallv.  On  following  segments  the  dorsal  cirri  become  gradually 
shorter  and  thicker,  and  are  nearly  obsolete  after  the  12tli,  but  the 
ventral  cirri  become  smaller  and  more  slender  and  continue  to  the 
end  of  the  body. 


638  A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 

The  ventral  fascicles,  on  the  anterior  3 segments,  have  4 or  5 com- 
pound setae,  with  strongly  curved  blades,  4 or  5 times  as  long  as 
wide,  with  a strongly  incurved  bidentate  tip.  The  upper  fascicle 
contains  a few  small  capillary  setae.  On  the  4th  segment  there  are 
one  or  two  shorter  compound  setae  with  smaller  blades,  and  a few 
acute  capillary  setae  with  the  shaft  thickened  and  bent  distally,  and 
a group  of  longer  and  more  slender  ones  in  the  upper  fascicle. 
Uncinate  setae  with  the  tips  bidentate  and  limbate  commence  on  the 
11th  segment,  where  there  is  only  one,  but  they  increase  to  2 or  3 
farther  back,  and  then  decrease  to  1 posteriorly.  All  the  setae  are 
larger  and  longer  on  segments  6 to  1 2 ; there  are  also  2 or  3 com- 
pound setae  with  acute  capillary  blades  on  segments  8 to  10. 

Color,  in  formalin,  greenish  white,  with  paler,  fine,  sutural  lines 
and  a darker  dorsal  stripe  ; an  obscure  darker  spot  at  the  base  of 
each  of  the  parapodia. 

Length  of  the  longer  imperfect  specimen,  llmra  ; diameter,  6mm. 

Flatts  Inlet  beach,  in  shell-sand,  at  low  tide  ; 2 specimens. 

Leodice  or  Eunice. 

Eunice  Cuvier,  1817,  pars,  = Leodice  Savig.,  1820,  emend.  Malmgren. 

The  Bermuda  species  belong  to  the  genus  Leodice , as  restricted 
by  Malmgren,  who  restricted  Eunice  to  the  type  of  E.  gigantea. 
The  name  Eunice  was  in  prior  use  by  Hubner  for  a genus  of  insects, 
in  1816,  and  its  use  may  have  to  be  abandoned  for  the  annelids. 

At  least  21  nominal  species  of  Eunice  have  been  described  from 
the  West  Indies,  Florida,  and  Bermuda;  3 by  Schmarda,  1861;  1 
by  Baird,  1870;  4 by  CErsted  and  Grube,  1879;  2 by  Pourtales;  4 by 
Webster,  1884;  2 by  McIntosh,  1885;  5 by  Fillers,  1887.  Ehlers* 
has  also  redescribed  and  admirably  figured  several  of  the  species 
previously  described  by  CErsted  and  Grube  and  by  Pourtales. 

In  consequence  of  the  three  later  works  appearing  so  nearly 
together,  several  of  the  species  have  received  two  or  three  names. 
The  difficulty  of  identification  is,  in  some  cases,  much  increased  by 
the  fact  that  several  of  the  species  which  actually  grow  to  large  size, 
have  been  described  from  very  small  and  immature  specimens,  only 
one  or  two  inches  long,  and  in  some  cases  even  these  were  mere 
fragments  of  a single  individual,  so  that  no  account  could  be  taken 
of  individual  variations  or  of  differences  due  to  age. 

* Memoirs  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  viii,  1887.  In  this  work  nine  species  are 
included  ; eight  species  are  very  fully  described  and  figured. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


639 


Our  Bermuda  collection  contains  several  common  species  that 
grow  to  the  length  of  8 to  12  inches  or  more,  which,  indeed,  seems 
to  be  a common  size  for  the  species  of  this  genus. 

The  commonest  large  reef-species  are  L.  longisetis  W. ; L.  rnuti- 
lata  W.  = E.  barvicensis  Mclnt. ; L.  violaceomaeulata  Ehl.;  L.  den - 
ticulata  W.  = L.  filamentosa  (CErst.  and  Gr.)  = E.  cirrobranchiata 
Mclnt.  We  did  not  find  L.  longicirrata  (Webst.). 

Webster  also  recorded  E.  violacea  (E.  and  Gr.  from  Bermuda,  but 
this  large  species  was  described  from  the  Pacific  coast  of  Central 
America.  It  has  a 4-lobed  head  and  very  large  pectinate  branchiae, 
with  20-28  branches.  No  such  species  was  found  by  us.  Webster 
gives  no  description  of  his  examples,  therefore  it  is  impossible  to  tell 
what  he  had,  without  a re-examination  of  his  specimens,  but  it  may 
have  been  L.  violaceomaeulata  (Ehl.).  This  is  a very  large  species 
that  is  not  uncommon.  It  has  a bilobed  bead  ; the  branchiae  are  all 
pectinate  and  the  larger  ones  have  about  20  branches  ; the  first 
appear  on  segments  6 to  9 ; the  dorsum  is  curiously  mottled,  and 
there  is  no  white  nuchal  band. 

One  of  the  most  abundant  species  in  dead  corals  is  L.  longisetis  ( W.) 
This  becomes  more  than  a foot  long.  In  life  it  is  reddish  brown  or 
chocolate-brown,  curiously  marked  dorsally  with  longitudinal,  zigzag 
or  reticulated  brownish-black  lines.  The  antennae  and  long  dorsal 
cirri  are  conspicuously  banded  with  pale  yellow  and  dark  brown, 
about  6 pale  bands  on  the  antennae  and  3 on  the  dorsal  cirri.  There 
is  a conspicuous  white  band  on  the  3d  setigerous  segment.  The 
larger  branchiae  are  pectinate,  with  7 to  10  slender  graduated  cirri  ; 
the  first  appear  on  the  4th  to  6th  segment,  usually  on  the  5th.  The 
head  is  bilobed  in  all  our  numerous  specimens,  though  Webster 
described  it  as  4-lobed.  His  single  specimen  was  probably  badly 
preserved  and  misleading.  It  resembles  L.  Floridana  (Ehl.)  and 
L.  fucata  (Ehl.),  of  Florida. 

Leodice  mutilata  (Webs.)=  E.  barvicensis  Mclnt.  is  another  large 
and  abundant  species,  which  lives  with  the  last  and  is  often  over  a 
foot  long.  Like  the  latter,  it  has  a white  nuchal  band, — a feature 
not  uncommon  in  the  genus.  These  two  species  look  much  alike,  but 
differ  in  their  jaws  and  setae.  In  L.  mutilata  the  gills  usually  first 
appear  on  the  5th  to  7tli  segment,  and  the  largest  seldom  have  more 
than  6 to  8 cirri,  which  are  long  and  subequal.  The  dorsal  cirri  are 
much  shorter  than  the  branchial  cirri,  and  the  antennae  are  rather 
short  and  not  articulated. 

Leodice  denticulata  (Webs.)=i£  cirrobranchiata  Mclnt.  is  another 
large  species  found  among  dead  corals.  Probably  E.  filamentosa 


640 


A.  E Verrill — Turbellaria , N’emertina , and 


CErs.  and  Gr.  is  the  young  (14^  lines  long)  of  the  same  species. 
L.  conglomerans  (Ehlers)  is  a fully  adult,  large  form,  perhaps  the 
same.  Perhaps  L.  hamata  (Schmarda)  is  also  the  same  species. 

It  is  distinguished  by  having  the  first  simple  branchiae  arising  on 
the  23d  to  27th  segment,  and  bifid  and  trifid  ones  back  of  about  the 
45th  to  50th  segment ; the  largest  branchiae  have  usually  4 or  5 cirri, 
rarely  6 ; simple  branchiae  extend  to  very  near  the  end  of  the  body. 
The  antennae  are  nearly  smooth  or  feebly  articulated,  according  to  the 
state  of  preservation,  and  the  enlarged  distal  part  of  the  stem  of  the 
compound  setae  is  denticulated  on  one  side.  The  segments  are  very 
short  and  numerous  (over  300  in  examples  250mm  long),  and  usually 
finely  specked  with  white  on  the  back. 

Leodice  binominata  (Qnatr.)  = E.  punctata  CErs.  and  Gr. 

This  is  a smaller  (150mm  long)  and  much  rarer  species,  not  before 
recorded  from  Bermuda.  Its  antennae  and  cirri  are  long  and  deli- 
cately beaded,  and  it  has  branchiae  only  on  about  30  segments,  begin- 
ning on  the  4th  or  5th.  The  larger  ones  are  gracefully  pectinate 
with  about  10-12  cirri  and  they  meet  over  the  back.  In  life  it  is 
usually  pale  green,  but  reddish  anteriorly,  and  finely  specked  with 
white  dorsally,  and  with  a median  row  of  white  spots,  one  to  a seg- 
ment ; the  cirriferous  buccal  ring  is  also  white.  The  row  of  white 
spots  persists  a long  time  in  formalin.  L.  rubra  (CE.  & G.)  is  much 
like  this,  but  has  branchiae  on  nearly  all  the  segments. 

Leodice  elegans,  sp.  nov. 

Head  deeply  bilobed,  narrow.  Body  slender,  with  about  155  seg- 
ments, flattened  posteriorly.  Notable  for  the  anterior  position  of 
the  branched  gills. 

Antennae  long  and  very  slender,  scarcely  tapered,  well  articulated; 
about  10  distal  annuli,  most  distinct  on  the  longer  ones,  and  mostly 
elliptical  ; the  inner  paired  antennae  reach  back  to  the  3d  body  seg- 
ment ; outer  ones  about  equal  to  the  long  buccal  segment  (median  is 
broken  in  the  type).  Eyes  large,  black,  with  a lens.  Tentacular 
cirri  slender,  tapered,  rather  longer  than  the  buccal  segment,  with 
about  8 short  annuli.  Parapodia  prominent  ; dorsal  cirrus  rather 
long,  tapered,  acuminate  distally,  and  annulated,  with  about  three 
divisions. 

Branchiae  are  mostly  gracefully  pectinate;  they  begin  with  2 slen- 
der branches  on  the  2d  setigerous  segment ; they  have  3 branches  on 
the  3d,  and  become  pectinate,  with  4 or  5 branches,  on  the  4th  ; a 
little  farther  back  they  become  9-branched,  with  the  branches  slen- 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


641 


der  and  graduated.  On  the  posterior  branchial  segments  there  are 
three  pairs  of  gills  with  4 branches  ; 3 with  3 ; 2 with  2 ; and  1 
with  1 cirrus.  They  end  at  about  the  end  of  the  anterior  third  of 
the  body,  or  near  the  30th  segment,  leaving  about  125  segments 
without  any.  Ventral  cirrus  anteriorly  is  long  and  tapered  ; on  the 
1st  segment  about  equal  to  the  dorsal  cirrus.  Upper  caudal  cirri 
long  and  slender,  about  like  the  tentacular  cirri ; lower  ones  short. 

Capillary  setae  are  long  and  slender  with  fine  long  tips;  brush-shaped 
setae  are  few,  with  elongated  marginal  processes  and  about  6 inter- 
mediate fine  denticles  and  striae.  Acicula  2,  yellow,  spiniform,  hardly 
acute,  unequal,  about  twice  as  thick  as  the  compound  setae ; the  lat- 
ter are  short,  their  blades  have  ratios  of  breadth  to  length  of  1 : 4-1  : 6, 
limbate,  tip  only  slightly  incurved,  with  a tooth  below  it,  standing 
nearly  at  a right  angle  ; another  small  tooth  stands  near  the  base ; 
the  edge  of  the  limbus  is  finely  serrulate,  as  is  the  inner  distal  mar- 
gin of  the  head  of  the  shaft. 

Length,  about  100mm  (mutilated  posteriorly);  breadth,  2mm  to 

q jmm 

• Only  one  specimen  was  found. 

Leodice  stigmatura,  sp.  nov. 

A long,  slender  species  with  long,  very  slender,  partially  or  dis- 
tally  annulated  antennae  and  tentacular  cirri ; long  slender  dorsal 
cirri;  digitate  branchiae,  the  larger  with  three  to  five  slender  cirri, 
and  bifid  or  simple  branchial  cirri  present  to  about  the  100th  seg- 
ment. Caudal  region  with  two  or  four  rows  of  distinct,  round 
blackish  spots. 

Head  with  two  lobes,  separated  but  little  by  the  frontal  notch  ; 
each  lobe  is  usually  very  obscurely  divided  by  a slight  transverse 
indentation  into  an  upper  and  lower  half  (head  quasi-4-lobed). 
Eyes  rather  large,  black  ; median  antenna  very  long  and  slender, 
scarcely  tapered  ; the  basal  half  obscurely  divided  by  shallow 
grooves  into  rather  short  joints,  but  the  distal  part  has  more  evident 
and  longer  articulations,  the  distal  six  joints  forming  about  half  its 
length  ; it  extends  back  in  some  specimens  to  the  15tli  setigerous 
segment,  but  more  often  about  to  the  5th,  varying  according  to  the 
degree  of  contraction  of  the  segments;  it  is  about  five  times  as 
long  as  the  head;  inner  paired  antennae  similar,  but  somewhat  shorter, 
reaching  in  some  cases  the  10th  segment,  in  others  to  the  3d.  Outer 
antennae  about  one-quarter  as  long  as  the  median,  more  distinctly 
annulated,  with  about  10  annuli,  the  distal  four  forming  half  the 


642 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


length,  long-elliptical,  or  sausage-shaped.  Tentacular  cirri  long, 
slender,  tapered,  acute,  feebly  articulated,  about  equal  to  the  buccal 
segment  and  head,  and  decidedly  longer  than  the  outer  antennae. 
Parapodia  rather  prominent  and  the  segments  rather  deeply  con- 
stricted. Dorsal  cirri  long  and  slender,  tapered ; the  anterior  ones 
usually  longer  than  the  longest  branchial  cirri,  and  about  equal  to 
the  length  of  four  body-segments. 

Branchiae  begin  as  simple  cirri  on  the  third  segment ; become 
trifid  at  about  the  7th;  4-branched  from  about  the  10th-14th  to  the 
37th,  and  then  decrease  gradually,  bifid  and  simple  ones  extending 
nearly  to  the  end,  usually  ceasing  about  on  segments  100  to  105, 
leaving  about  40  bare,  in  specimens  of  average  size.  In  the  large 
examples  some  of  the  larger  branchiae  may  have  five  cirri ; their 
cirri  are  long  and  slender,  mostly  subequal,  arising  from  short  stems, 
so  that  the  gill  is  digitate  rather  than  pectinate  ; the  larger  ones 
meet  across  the  back. 

The  posterior  and  middle  parapodia  contain  usually  one  or  two 
spiniform  acicula  and  a rather  smaller,  oblique,  recurved  uncinate 
one,  which  has  a slightly  bidentate  tip,  with  two  small  scarcely, 
hooked  terminal  denticles,  below  which  the  inner  edge  bears  a much 
larger,  rather  wide,  triangular  tooth,  standing  at  about  right  angles 
to  the  shaft ; the  end  is  broadly  limbate.  The  compound  setae  have 
rather  long  and  narrow  bidentate  blades,  the  terminal  hook  being 
narrow  and  but  little  incurved,  the  other  a little  removed  and  diverg- 
ent, so  that  the  interspace  is  concave  ; the  edge  of  the  limbus  and 
the  terminal  inner  edge  of  the  shaft  are  finely  denticulate,  as  in  X. 
elegans.  The  uncinate  acicula  frequently  appear  to  have  the  tip 
narrowly  truncate,  owing,  perhaps,  to  the  wearing  away  of  the  two 
distal  denticles,  which  are  always  smaller  and  less  hooked  than  those 
of  L.  binominata. 

The  color  in  life  is  milk-white  or  translucent  white,  often  with 
two  submedian  and  two  lateral  rows  of  small,  round,  blackish  spots ; 
the  lateral  spots  are  at  the  bases  of  the  gills  and  occur  in  several 
other  species  ; the  other  spots  are  often  conspicuous,  but  are  some- 
times wanting  in  the  ripe  females,  which  have  the  whole  posterior 
part  of  the  body  filled  with  large  white  eggs.  The  intestine  usually 
shows  as  a broad,  irregular  brownish  band,  and  the  dorsal  blood- 
vessel as  a narrow  red  line. 

Length  of  ordinary  specimens,  in  life,  75  to  100mm  ; breadth, 
1~ 2mm  • in  formalin  the  length  is  usually  about  60mm.  A few  females, 
filled  with  eggs,  are  considerably  larger, — about  100mm  long  in 
formalin. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


643 


Not  uncommon  in  dead  corals  on  the  reefs.  A few  specimens 
were  found  in  tubes  attached  to  the  under  side  of  stones  at  low  tide. 
The  tube  is  thin,  parchment-like  and  coated  with  small  fragments  of 
shells.  It  secretes  a large  amount  of  mucus  when  disturbed. 

Leodice  concinna,  sp.  nov. 

Head  slightly  bilobed,  with  a very  shallow  frontal  notch.  Eyes 
moderately  large,  black.  Antennae  all  strongly  beaded,  of  moderate 
length.  The  median  one  reaches  about  to  the  second  setigerous  seg- 
ment ; outer  lateral  ones  about  one-third  as  long  ; inner  laterals 
similar  to  the  median  one  and  nearly  as  long. 

Buccal  segment,  with  the  cirriferous  ring,  is  about  equal  to  the 
next  two  segments.  Tentacular  cirri  are  about  as  long  as  the  buccal 
segment,  small,  tapered. 

Body-segments  are  numerous,  short,  but  little  constricted.  Para- 
podia  only  little  prominent,  especially  back  of  the  branchial  region. 
Dorsal  cirri  rather  small,  tapered,  of  moderate  length. 

Branchiae  are  palmate  or  digitate,  rather  than  pinnate  ; the  first 
appear  as  small  simple  cirri  on  the  third  setigerous  segment  ; 
3-branched  ones  on  the  7th  ; 4-branched  ones  on  the  8th  ; none  with 
five  cirri  were  observed.  They  cease  on  the  5 2d  segment,  the  last 
10  being  simple  and  short. 

The  setae  are  much  like  those  of  L.  stigmatura. 

Found  in  dead  corals  from  the  reefs. 

This  resembles  L.  stigmatura , but  the  latter  has  many  more 
branchiae,  longer  antennae  and  cirri,  and  more  constricted  and  much 
longer  segments. 

Leodice  tenuicirrata,  sp.  nov. 

A small  species  with  remarkably  long  dorsal  cirri.  Head  very 
obscurely  4-lobed  ; the  frontal  lobes  are  rounded,  but  have  a slight 
horizontal  indentation  on  the  outer  side.  The  antennae  are  long, 
slender  and  articulated ; the  median  one  is  about  four  times  as  long 
as  the  breadth  of  the  buccal  segment ; the  inner  lateral  are  lost  from 
the  type  ; the  outer  laterals  are  about  half  as  long  as  the  median,  a 
little  stouter  and  more  tapered,  and  with  many  short  annuli,  in  length 
equal  to  about  times  the  breadth  of  the  buccal  segment. 

Tentacular  cirri  very  slender,  acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  median 
antennse.  Dorsal  cirri  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  as  long  as  the 
tentacular  cirri,  are  nearly  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  body,  much 
longer  than  the  branchial  cirri ; they  stand  out  at  right  angles  to  the 
body  so  that  they  are  conspicuous. 


644 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , JSTemertinct , and 


Branchiae  begin  as  simple  cirri  on  the  3d  setigerous  segment ; they 
have  2 cirri  on  the  6th  ; 3 on  the  8th ; 4 on  a few  segments  farther 
back.  On  the  46th,  which  is  the  last  segment  preserved,  they  have 
two  cirri.  From  dead  corals  ; only  one  example. 

The  setae  resemble  those  of  L.  binominata  and  L.  stigmatura.  It 
is  allied  to  L.  articulata  (Ehl.)  and  to  L.  ornata  (Andrews). 

Leodice  unifrons,  sp*.  nov. 

A small  slender  species.  Head  undivided,  rounded  in  front,  with- 
out any  frontal  emargination,  the  outlines  nearly  semicircular.  Eyes 
rather  large,  black.  Antennae  articulated,  with  the  annuli  unequal, 
the  distal  ones  elliptical,  twice  as  long  as  wide,  and  very  distinct ; 
the  median  antenna  is  rather  longer  than  the  head  and  buccal  seg- 
ment ; the  inner  laterals  are  a little  shorter  ; the  outer  laterals  about 
half  as  long  as  the  median.  Tentacular  cirri  are  obscurely  annu- 
lated,  slender,  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  buccal  segment. 
The  dorsal  cirri  are  long,  equal  to  the  longest  branchial  cirri. 

The  branchiae  begin  as  simple  cirri  on  the  3d  setigerous  segment; 
two  branched  ones  appear  at  about  the  8th  segment ; the  largest 
are  pectinate,  with  five  or  six  long,  slender,  subequal  cirri  on  the 
16-2 3d  ; trifid  on  the  34th;  simple  branchiae  continue  nearly  or  quite 
to  the  posterior  end  of  the  imperfect  specimen,  which  has  43  segments. 

In  life  the  color  is  pale  brown  with  a median  dorsal  row  of  white 
spots,  one  to  a segment,  and  with  olive-brown  irregular  mottlings  on 
each  side ; antennae  pale,  translucent,  banded  with  flake- white. 

The  only  specimen  found  had  lost  the  posterior  segments.  It  was 
about  l^mm  in  diameter,  in  life,  and  eO-^O111111  long. 

Flatts  Inlet,  in  shell-sand  at  low-tide. 

Leodice  margaritacea,  sp.  nov. 

A small  long  and  very  slender  species,  nearly  white,  with  a pearly 
iridescence.  Antennae  slender,  distinctly  annulated  ; gills  short 
pectinate;  anterior  parapodia  prominent;  posterior  ones  small. 
Head  slightly  bilobed  ; eyes  rather  large.  Antennae  very  slender, 
rather  long  ; the  median  reaching  back  to  the  2d  or  3d  setigerous 
segment ; inner  laterals  a little  shorter  ; outer  laterals  about  ^ as 
long  as  the  inner.  All  are  unusually  slender,  scarcely  tapered,  very 
distinctly  annulated  distally,  the  joints  being  constricted  and  the 
divisions  longer  than  broad.  Tentacular  cirri  slender,  tapered,  acute, 
reaching  about  to  the  front  edge  of  the  buccal  segment.  The  1st 
buccal  segment  and  cirriferous  ring  together  are  about  equal  to  the 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


645 


next  two  segments  and  longer  than  the  head.  The  parapodia  on 
the  anterior  half  of  the  body  are  rather  long  and  prominent,  with 
long  capillary  setae,  but  back  of  the  branchial  region  they  become 
small  and  but  little  elevated,  with  a minute  papilliform  dorsal  cirrus. 

The  larger  branchiae  have  4 or  5 long  slender  cirri  ; they  begin  on 
the  3d  or  4th  segment  with  two  small  cirri,  and  increase  to  3 cirri 
on  the  8th  and  to  4 at  about  the  14tb  ; those  from  the  24th  to  28th 
often  have  5 cirri.  They  begin  to  rapidly  decrease  at  about  the 
30th  and  cease  at  about  the  45th  to  50th  segment. 

The  capillary  setae  anteriorly  are  3 or  4,  not  very  long,  becoming 
4 to  6 and  longer,  farther  back ; compound  setae  are  about  6 ante- 
riorly, and  4 posteriorly  ; the  uncinate  setae  are  strongly  recurved  at 
the  neck  ; the  end  is  tridentate,  the  tip  is  divided  into  two  small 
slightly  incurved  denticles,  and  the  hook  on  the  inside  is  sharply 
angular,  longer  than  the  terminal  part. 

The  color  in  formalin  is  pearly  white  and  iridescent,  sometimes 
with  slight  darker  bands  or  rows  of  spots  across  the  anterior  seg- 
ments and  with  dusky  annulations  on  the  antennae. 

Length,  35  to  50mm ; diameter,  1.5ram. 

Flatt’s  Inlet,  low-tide  to  10  feet,  in  shell  sand,  common. 


Lysidice  bilobata,  sp.  nov. 

The  head  has  two  evenly  rounded  lobes  in  front,  separated  by  a 
deep  notch.  The  buccal  segment  is  twice  as  long  as  the  next,  and 
about  equal  to  the  head.  The  three  antennae  are  about  equal,  and 
about  as  long  as  the  head,  scarcely  tapered,  blunt.  The  eyes  are 
small,  black. 

The  parapodia  are  small  with  papilliform  dorsal  and  ventral  cirri. 
On  the  anterior  segments,  the  compound  setae  are  about  6,  with  stout 
distal  enlargements  and  small,  short  blades,  minutely  bidentate  at 
the  extreme  tip,  and  with  a tooth  on  the  inside  edge,  near  the  base. 
The  capillary  setae  are  much  longer,  usually  4 or  5,  considerably 
bent  and  flattened,  with  a long  acuminate  tip.  The  2 or  3 brush- 
shaped setae  are  rather  small,  and  the  rapidly  enlarged  end  has 
about  10  slender  denticles,  the  marginal  ones  only  slightly  longer. 
There  is  one,  or  sometimes  two,  black  spiniform  acicula  and  a black 
uncinate  seta  of  about  the  same  size,  having  the  end  slightly  bifid 
and  a little  bent,  but  not  limbate ; the  bidentation  is  at  the  extreme 
tip;  the  lateral  tooth  is  slightly  the  larger  and  is  directed  obliquely 
distally. 


646 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Posteriorly  the  setae  are  nearly  the  same,  but  the  uncinate  seta  is 
more  strongly  bidentate. 

Color  in  formalin,  plain  yellowish  white  and  strongly  iridescent* 
The  largest  specimen  is  a female  filled  with  large  white  eggs.  It 
has  lost  its  posterior  segments.  The  anterior  portion,  with  30 
setigerous  segments,  is  9mm  long  ; 2mm  broad  ; young  ones  of  80 
segments  are  16,nm  long. 

Paramarphysa  obtusa,  sp.  nov. 

Long  and  slender,  widest  anteriorly,  attenuated  posteriorly,  with 
rather  prominent  parapodia  and  long  setse  in  the  anterior  region, 
and  much  smaller  ones  posteriorly.  Head  broader  than  long, 
evenly  obtusely  rounded  in  front,  with  a faint  median  furrow,  or 
slightly  bilobed  in  front,  according  to  the  mode  of  preservation. 

Antennae  smooth,  rather  short,  the  three  median  subequal,  often 
fusiform  and  slightly  tapered  distally,  or  slightly  clavate  and 
obtuse ; the  median  one  is  about  twice  the  length  of  the  head  ; inner 
laterals  scarcely  shorter;  outer  laterals  ^ shorter.  Eyes  large, 
black,  reniform.  Buccal  segment  rather  longer  than  head,  scarcely 
distinct  from  the  next.  Dorsal  cirri  rather  short,  tapered,  the  first 
very  small. 

The  posterior  third  becomes  very  slender,  with  rather  long  and 
almost  moniliform  segments  and  small  parapodia,  with  conspicuous 
black  acicula.  Caudal  cirri  small,  about  as  long  at  the  diameter  of 
the  anal  segment ; median  cirrus  minute  papilliform. 

The  1st  buccal  segment  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  head,  and  J longer 
than  the  second  segment. 

The  2d  buccal  segment  is  rather  closely  united  with  the  first  and 
with  the  succeeding  1st  setigerous  segment,  with  shallow  constric- 
tions, but  farther  back,  the  segments  are  convex  with  well-defined 
constrictions  between  them.  The  1st  pair  of  parapodia  are  small 
and  only  slightly  prominent,  with  few  and  short  setae,  and  a small 
papilliform  dorsal  cirrus,  smaller  than  the  ventral,  but  they  rapidly 
increase  in  size  and  prominence,  in  the  thoracic  region.  Posteriorly 
they  again  become  small,  with  papilliform  cirri.  The  jaws  are  well 
developed  but  mostly  pale  horn-color. 

Capillary  setse  4-6  anteriorly,  2-4  posteriorly,  flattened  distally, 
with  long,  slender  pointed  tips.  Compound  setse  6-8  anteriorly 
rather  large  with  short  blades,  minutely  bidentate  at  the  extreme 
tip,  not  incurved.  Uncinate  seta  of  the  middle  and  posterior 
regions,  large,  black,  strongly  curved  distally,  at  the  neck,  and  with 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


647 


a large  angular  hook,  stouter  than  the  acute  terminal  denticle  ; 
absent  anteriorly.  Aciculum  posteriorly  large,  black,  spiniform, 
subacute  ; paler  and  more  slender  anteriorly. 

Color,  in  formalin,  white.  Length,  25-35mm  ; diameter,  l-1.25mm. 

Flatt’s  Inlet,  at  low-tide,  in  shell-sand.  Several  specimens. 

JP.  longula  Ehl.  differs  from  this  in  having  a distinctly  bilobed 
head  ; much  longer  antennae,  straighter  and  less  hooked  uncinate 
setae,  fewer  and  more  slender  capillary  setae,  longer  and  more 
strongly  bidentate  blades  to  the  compound  setae,  and  shorter  jaws. 

Nematonereis  hebes,  sp.  nov. 

Body  long,  slender,  terete,  with  rather  long,  and  posteriorly  with 
only  slightly  constricted  segments  ; often  coiled  in  a spiral.  Head 
broadly  rounded  in  front,  nearly  hemispherical,  rather  broader  than 
long.  Eyes  small,  black.  Antennae  fusiform,  swollen  above  the  con- 
stricted base  and  gradually  tapered  to  the  acute  tip,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  head.  First  buccal  segment  about  as  long  as  the  head,  the 
second  about  half  as  long  and  about  equal  to  the  next.  The 
divisions  between  the  two  buccal  rings  and  several  following  seg- 
ments is  very  slight.  Dorsal  cirri  on  the  1st  segment  are  small,- 
papilliform;  on  succeeding  segments  they  are  longer  and  tapered, 
the  longest  about  ^ as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  body.  The  longest 
anterior  parapodia  are  quite  prominent,  with  a short,  thick  ventral 
cirrus,  with  a swollen  base,  a large  setigerous  lobe,  and  a long 
dorsal  cirrus.  There  are  2 or  3 long,  slender,  slightly  flattened 
capillary  setae  ; a few  compound  setae  with  narrow,  feebly  bidentate 
blades;  a slender,  yellow,  spiniform  aciculum,  and  farther  back  an 
uncinate  seta  with  a strongly  recurved  neck  and  a strongly  biden- 
tate tip ; the  hooked  lateral  tooth  is  larger  than  the  acute  terminal 
one,  and  angular,  much  as  in  Paramarphysa  obtusa.  Color,  in 
formalin,  pale  greenish  white. 

Length,  25-30mm,  in  formalin  ; diameter,  about  .3mm.  Three 
specimens. 

Stauronereis.  nom.  nov .=Anisoceras  and  Staurocephalus  Gr.  (preoc.) 

Type  Staurocephalus  Rudolphii  (D.  Ch.)  Elilers,  Borstenw.,  p.  434,  pi.  xviii, 
figs.  17-26. 

Anisoceras  Grube,  Vid.  Meddel.,  p.  60,  1856  ( non  Pictet,  Cephal.,  1854). 

Staurocephalus  Grub6,  Zeitsch.  fur  Wiss.  Zool.,  1855,  p.  97  (non  Barr.,  Crust., 
1846). 

The  name  Staurocephalus  must  be  dropped,  because  clearly  pre- 
occupied in  Crustacea,  1846.  Anisoceras , which  Grube  originally 
considered  a distinct  genus,  but  which  Ehlers  and  others  have 


€48 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


regarded  as  only  a subgenus,  with  longer  antennae,  cannot  be  used 
for  the  genus,  because  it  and  its  variants  had  been  used  in  at  least 
four  or  five  other  senses  before  it  was  applied  to  these  annelids. 
Anisoceras  was  used  by  Pictet  in  1854;  Anisocera  was  used  in 
Coleoptera,  both  in  1833  and  1835;  Anisocerus  was  used  in  Coleop- 
tera,  both  in  1835  and  in  1837.  Prionognathus , Kef.,  1862  ( non 
LaF.,  1851,  nec  Pand.,  1856)  is  a closely  related  group,  but  the  type 
8.  ciliata  (Kef.)  may,  perhaps,  be  a distinct  subgenus. 

Another  group,  perhaps  of  generic  value,  is  typified  by  8.  rubro- 
vittata  (D.  Ch.)  well  described  and  figured  by  Ehlers  (Borstenw.,  p. 
424,  pi.  xviii,  figs.  1-16),  which  was  the  type  of  Staurocephalus  Gr. 
It  has  a prominent,  long,  pyriform  head  with  large,  flat,  recurved, 
frontal  palpi;  much  shorter  articulated  antennae  ; 4 eyes  ; a conspic- 
uous ciliated  lobe  on  each  side  of  the  neck ; a terminal  article  on  the 
dorsal  cirri ; stout  nearly  parallel  lower  jaws,  ending  abruptly  ante- 
riorly, and  with  acute,  mostly  strongly  dentate  plates  in  two  or  three 
series  forming  the  upper  jaws.  For  this  group,  I would  propose  the 
subgeneric  name  Teleonereis. 

If  it  be  thought  necessary  to  change  the  name  of  the  family  owing 
to  the  change  in  the  principal  genus,  I would  propose  to  adopt 
Stauronereidce,  as  it  is  analogous  to  LumbrinereAdm. 

The  following  three  Bermuda  species  belong  to  the  group  called 
Anisoceras  by  Ehlers,  for  they  have  long  articulated  antennae.  The 
same  is  true  of  Stajuronereis  pallidus  (V.  1873),  of  the  New  England 
coast;  S.  sociabilis  (W.  1878)  of  Virginia;  8.  coccus  (W.  1884), 
of  New  England  ; and  several  European  species,  including  Stauro- 
nereis  Pudolphii  (D.  Ch.)  so  well  described  by  Ehlers,  and  S.  Chiajei 
(Clap.)  of  the  Mediterranean  ; 8.  rubra  (Gr.)  St.  Croix  ; 8.  vittata 
(Gr.)  and  & bioculata  (Gr.)  from  the  west  coast  of  Costa  Rica. 

S.  ( Stauroceps ) eruciformis  (Malmgren).  This  Arctic  species  may 
be  the  type  of  a special  subgenus,  Stauroceps.  It  has  a small  head 
with  very  short  non-articulated  antennae  and  smooth  dorsal  cirri, 
without  a terminal  article.  Its  jaws,  as  figured,  also  appear  to  be 
more  simple  than  those  of  most  of  the  other  described  species. 
S.  minimus  (Langerh.,  1884)  of  Madeira  has  even  less  developed 
antennae  and  cirri,  though  it  must  be  immature.  Perhaps  it  belongs 
rather  to  Paractius. 

Stauronereis  melanops,  sp.  nov. 

Head  rounded  in  front  and  behind,  with  the  sides  a little  promi- 
nent, about  as  long  as  broad  ; a pair  of  divergent,  narrow-lanceolate 
ridges  arises  from  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


649 


Eyes  round,  black,  with  lens,  the  anterior  ones  much  the  larger, 
situated  at  the  anterior  bases  of  the  antennae  and  as  broad  as  the 
antennae,  or  a little  broader;  posterior  eyes  about  half  as  large  and 
nearer  together,  thus  forming  a trapeze.  Antennae  longer  than  the 
palpi,  tapered,  distinctly  annulated,  with  13  articles.  The  articles  near 
the  base  are  short;  distally  they  become  much  longer  and  more  sepa- 
rated, the  last  two  being  4 or  5 times  broader  than  long,  and  these 
two  joints  project  beyond  the  tips  of  the  palpi.  The  palpi  are 
stouter  than  the  antennae,  curved,  tapered,  crenulated  on  the  outer 
edge,  and  slightly  annulated  distally. 

Dorsal  cirri  are  biarticulate,  rather  long  and  slender,  the  basal 
article  longer  and  about  equal  to  the  setigerous  lobe  on  anterior 
part  of  body,  while  the  distal  article  is  more  slender,  tapered,  acute. 
Posteriorly  the  basal  article  becomes  longer  and  more  slender, 
exceeding  the  setigerous  lobes,  and  the  distal  joint  also  becomes 
longer,  nearly  as  long  as  the  basal,  with  a slender  acute  tip. 

Setae  are  long  and  numerous,  the  capillary  ones  are  slender  and 
straight,  a little  longer  than  the  compound  ones,  which  have  a 
narrow  blade,  5 to  8 times  longer  than  wide,  with  strongly  biden- 
tate  tips. 

The  lower  jaws  are  strong,  black,  both  ends  strongly  bent  back 
like  a short  bow,  the  posterior  end  blunt;  the  anterior  prolonged  by 
a series  of  4 small  separate  pieces  ; the  upper  jaws  are  elongated, 
little  bent,  divided  into  about  20  denticulated  plates,  with  very  acute, 
long,  incurved  denticles  in  the  under  series,  anteriorly. 

None  of  the  specimens  have  the  caudal  segments  ; the  longest  is 
10mm  long,  2mm  broad,  and  has  38  setigerous  segments. 

Stauronereis  erythrops,  sp.  nov. 

Head  broadly  rounded  in  front,  a little  produced  posteriorly, 
longer  than  broad.  Eyes  yellowish-brown,  arranged  in  a trapeze, 
and  much  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  species,  the  anterior  about 
twice  as  large  as  the  posterior,  all  with  a lens.  The  antennae  and 
palpi  are  short  and  about  equal,  in  length  less  than  breadth  of  head; 
the  palpi  are  stouter  than  the  antennae ; the  latter  are  annulated. 
The  dorsal  cirri  are  much  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species; 
the  basal  article  is  thick,  the  terminal  is  small,  ovate  or  elliptical  ; 
the  total  length  about  the  same  as  the  setigerous  lobe,  or  a little  more, 
anteriorly,  but  posteriorly  both  articles  become  longer  and  the  cirri 
considerably  exceed  the  setigerous  lobes.  The  compound  setas  have 
rather  short  bidentate  blades;  their  length  3 to  5 times  their  breadth. 


650 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , JSTemertina,  and 


The  lower  jaws  are  rather  less  bent  than  in  the  preceding  species, 
with  the  posterior  ends  more  incurved  and  acute.  The  upper  jaws, 
which  have  about  16  plates  in  each  series,  are  stronger  and  more 
bent  in  the  middle,  the  anterior  plates  having  the  denticles  shorter 
than  those  farther  back  and  less  claw-like  than  in  the  last  species. 
The  two  middle  denticles  are  much  the  larger. 

The  only  specimen  (probably  young)  has  55  setigerous  segments  ; 
length,  7rnm ; breadth,  lmm. 

These  two  species  appear  to  be  quite  distinct  from  S.  pallida 
Ver.,  1873  (non  Langerhans,  1879),*  and  other  species  of  the  United 
States  coast,  and  from  S.  rubra  (CErst.  and  Grube),  as  Anisoceras 
(1854)  of  St.  Croix,  the  only  related  species  described  from  the  West 
Indian  region. f 

In  both  of  our  species  the  lower  series  of  plates  of  the  upper  jaws 
terminate  posteriorly  in  a rather  short,  irregularly  oblong  plate, 
without  denticles,  while  the  denticles  increase  in  length  on  the  other 
plates,  anteriorly.  Thus  the  structure  is  quite  unlike  that  of  the 
jaws  in  S.  rubrovittata  figured  by  Ehlers,  but  more  like  that  of 
S.  Rudolphii.  The  under  jaws,  especially,  resemble  those  of  the 
latter  in  form  and  in  having  a divergent  series  of  small  plates  in  line 
with  the  acute  anterior  ends,  while  those  of  S.  rubrovittata  are  much 
stouter,  straighter,  and  have  obtuse  anterior  ends. 

It  is  possible  that  these  two  Bermuda  forms  may  be  male  and 
female  of  one  species,  but  our  specimens  appear  to  be  immature  and 
the  sex  cannot  be  determined.  Should  this  be  the  case,  the  name 
melanops  would  be  preferred. 

Stauronereis  polydonta,  sp.  nov. 

A third  species  has  much  longer  upper  jaws,  with  about  35-40 
plates  in  each  row,  gradually  decreasing  to  the  minute  anterior  ones. 


* For  the  species  named  S.  pallidas  by  Langerhans,  1879,  1 propose  the  name 
Stauronereis  Maderice.  It  is  very  different  from  our  New  England  species. 

f The  curious  free-swimming,  gregarious  species  recently  admirably  described 
and  illustrated  by  A.  G.  Mayer  (Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  xxvi,  No.  1,  with  3 
plates,  1900)  as  Stauroeephalus  gregarious , does  not  really  belong  to  that  genus,, 
but  is  the  type  of  a new  genus  for  which  I propose  the  name  Mayeria. 

This  genus  is  characterized  by  the  presence  of  a single  pair  of  unsegmented 
organs  (palpi)  on  the  front  of  the  head,  and  by  the  unsegmented  dorsal  cirri.. 
The  type  is  without  antenme  and  eyes.  The  jaws,  also,  differ  considerably 
from  those  of  typical  Stauroeephalus. 

Mayeria,  gregarica,  the  type  species,  was  found  swimming  at  the  surface  off 
the  Tortugas,  Fla.,  in  vast  numbers  nearly  at  the  last  quarter  of  the  moon,  from 
July  1 to  July  10,  for  breeding  purposes.  This  species  will  almost  certainly  be 
found  to  occur  off  the  Bermudas,  at  about  the  same  date. 

* 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


851 


The  compound  setae  have  very  long,  straight,  minutely  bidentate 
blades.  Segments,  44  + ; length,  16ram. 

Lumbrinereis  nasuta,  sp.  nov. 

A long,  brilliantly  iridescent  species.  Head  (cephalic  lobe),  in  life, 
much  elongated  and  subacute  in  extension,  the  length  about  twice 
the  breadth,  considerably  flattened,  changeable  in  shape,  sometimes 
subacute  ; no  eyes.  Buccal  segment  about  half  as  long  as  the  head. 
Parapodia  small,  setigerous  lobe  swollen  ; cirrus  small,  blunt,  papil- 
liform. Setae  of  middle  and  anterior  segments  are  3 or  4 long 
uncinate  ones,  with  2 spiniform  acicula  that  do  not  project.  The 
uncini  bend  back  distally,  at  the  narrowed  neck,  with  an  enlarged 
truncate  head,  terminated  by  two  small  strongly  incurved  apical 
hooks,  and  with  a large,  stout,  blunt  ventral  hook.  The  neck 
and  head  have  a curious  miniature  resemblance  to  those  of  a horse. 

Color,  in  life,  bright  light  red  or  purplish  and  highly  iridescent  ; 
parapodia  paler  or  whitish.  In  formalin,  purplish-brown.  Poste- 
riorly there  is  often  a single,  somewhat  bent,  acutely  acuminate  and 
limbate  capillary  seta. 

Length,  in  life,  150  to  200mm  (about  6 to  8 inches)  ; diameter  1 to 

1.5mm. 

Flatts  Inlet,  in  shell-sand  at  low-tide. 

Arabella  maculosa,  sp.  nov. 

In  life,  very  long  and  slender,  only  slightly  iridescent.  Head,  in 
extension,  long-conic,  somewhat  blunt ; ocelli  4,  outer  ones  larger 
and  slightly  farther  forward.  Buccal  segment  elongated.  Para- 
podia small,  with  a papilliform  lobe. 

Body,  in  life,  pale  orange-yellow.  Most  of  the  segments  have  8 
to  10  small,  transverse,  dark  olive-green  dorsal  spots  ; 2 of  these 
are  median,  near  the  proximal  and  distal  margins  ; 2 others  may 
occur  on  each  side  proximally  ; a row  of  4 smaller  ones  crosses  the 
middle;  a pair  of  small  white  spots  occurs  near  the  distal  edge. 
Parapodia  pale.  Posteriorly  these  markings  disappear  gradually. 
Length,  in  life,  150  to  200mm  ; diameter  about  lmm. 

Flatts  Inlet,  low-tide,  in  shell-sand. 

Aricia  setosa,  sp.  nov. 

Body  widest  and  considerably  flattened  near  the  anterior  end, 
gradually  becoming  smaller  and  narrowed  posteriorly,  with  the  under 
Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  Yol.  X.  December,  1900. 

43 


652 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Eemertina , and 


side  rounded  and  the  back  flat  and  nearly  concealed  by  the  prom- 
inent cirri  and  branchiae.  Anterior  segments  near  the  head  rapidly 
decrease  in  breadth.  Head  small,  flattened,  widest  near  the  front 
end,  which  is  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate;  sides  rounded.  Two 
small  blackish  spots,  like  imperfect  ocelli,  are  situated  near  its  pos- 
terior border. 

The  branchiae  begin  on  the  6th  setigerous  segment,  rapidly  be- 
come of  full  size,  when  they  are  elongated,  tapered,  acute  ligulae,  as 
long  as  the  dorsal  cirrus,  but  not  quite  so  broad  proximally.  They 
continue  nearly  or  quite  to  the  end  of  the  body. 

The  first  two  or  three  parapodia  are  quite  small,  but  they  rapidly 
increase  to  about  the  10th.  The  lower  division  consists,  on  the 
anterior  segments,  of  a torus  filled  with  a crowded  group  of  capillary 
setae  ; and  a foliaceous  lobe,  prolonged  above  into  a small  papilliform 
cirrus.  The  tori  increase  rapidly  to  the  10th  segment  and  continue 
of  about  full  size  to  about  the  20th  and  then  rapidly  decrease  to  the 
25th,  when  they  become  very  small,  and  beyond  this,  at  about  the 
30th,  they  are  replaced  by  a papilliform  lobe  and  a cluster  of  longer 
capillary  setae  and  4 or  5 larger  spinifonn  ones. 

The  upper  parapodium,  anteriorly,  consists  of  a broad  flat  lobe, 
prolonged  at  the  dorsal  angle  into  a small  acuminate  cirrus;  at 
about  the  25th-30th  segment  they  change  rapidly  to  a longer  and 
narrower  falcate  cirrus,  with  a constricted  base,  above  which  they 
rapidly  expand,  on  the  outside,  to  a broad  flat  portion,  beyond 
which  they  taper  gradually  to  the  subacute  tip;  they  are  concave  on 
the  dorsal  side  and  are  recurved  over  the  back,  like  the  branchial 
cirri,  which  they  equal  in  length.  These  cirri,  at  about  the  35th 
segment,  are  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  about 
twice  as  long  as  the  ovate  ventral  lobe,  though  not  much  wider. 

The  numerous  crowded  setae  of  the  anterior  ventral  toriform  lobes 
are  much  alike,  in  the  form  of  short,  acute  capillary  setae,  with 
rather  stout  shafts.  The  capillary  setae  of  the  upper  fascicle  are 
much  longer  and  far  more  slender. 

On  a parapodium  from  the  3 2d  segment  there  are  12-16  long,  very 
slender  capillary  setae,  with  attenuated  tips,  as  long  as  the  dorsal 
cirrus,  and  about  4 moderately  large,  straight,  acute  spiniform  setae, 
not  half,  as  long;  in  the  lower  fascicle  there  are  about  18  shorter 
capillary  setae  of  the  same  kind,  rather  longer  than  the  ventral  lobe, 
and  three  slightly  bent  spiniform  setae. 

On  the  posterior  segments  the  setae  are  similar,  but  fewer,  about 
10  to  12  long  ones  in  the  upper  fascicle,  and  6 to  8 in  the  lower,  with 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


653 


3 spiniform  ones,  a little  more  bent  distally.  The  branchiae  are  more 
slender  and  longer  than  the  dorsal  cirri. 

In  life  pale  red;  each  segment  has  two  narrow,  transverse,  paral- 
lel, orange  vittae,  not  extending  entirely  across,  and  a roundish  spot 
of  the  same  color  on  each  side  at  the  bases  of  the  dorsal  cirri.  There 
is  a dark  irregular  spot  close  to  front  edge  of  the  head. 

Length,  in  life,  200mm;  breadth,  3 to  3.5mm. 

Flatts  Inlet  beach  in  shell-sand  at  low  tide. 

This  species  is  evidently  related  to  A.  platycephala  Mclnt.  (Chall. 
Yoy.),  also  from  Bermuda,  but  the  latter  species  has  gills  only  on 
segments  8-18,  and  the  setae  and  cirri  are  different  in  form. 

Cirratulus  (Audouinia)  capillaris,  sp.  nov. 

A small  species  with  very  long  slender  cirri.  Head  short,  some- 
what depressed,  bluntly  rounded  in  front,  confluent  with  the  buccal 
segment;  the  next  two  segments  are  hardly  distinguishable,  except 
below,  and  thicker  than  those  that  follow,  which  are  subequal,  but 
increase  in  length  posteriorly  and  decrease  in  diameter,  some  being 
as  long  as  broad ; the  posterior  ones  become  small,  short  and 
crowded. 

Setae  and  cirri  begin  together  on  the  2d  body  segment;  the  first 
cirrus  is  smaller  than  the  others;  the  longest  are  on  2 to  6 following 
segments,  but  continue  long  on  8 or  9 more;  shorter  ones  occur 
irregularly  on  more  or  less  of  the  other  segments  of  the  anterior  half 
of  the  body,  but  rarely  on  the  posterior  half;  the  length  of  these 
is  scarcely  greater  than  the  diameter  of  the  body. 

A transverse  group  of  longer  and  distinctly  larger  cirri  or  tentacles 
occurs  on  the  4th  setigerous  segment,  arising  from  the  dorsal  sur- 
face, about  3 on  each  side. 

The  setae  of  the  anterior  6 or  V segments,  both  dorsal  and  ventral, 
are  very  slender,  capillary,  acute,  in  small  fascicles;  they  are  about 
equal  to  \ the  diameter  of  the  body.  Spiniform  setae,  bent  in  a 
sigmoid  curve,  begin  to  replace  the  capillary  ones  in  the  ventral 
fascicles  on  the  8th  segment,  and  increase  in  number  farther  back, 
till  they  nearly  or  quite  replace  the  slender  setae.  In  the  upper  fas- 
cicles longer,  more  slender,  nearly  straight  spines  gradually  replace 
the  capillary  setae,  but  one  or  two  of  the  latter  persist  nearly  or 
quite  to  the  end  of  the  body.  Posteriorly  there  are  usually,  in  the 
upper  fascicles,  2 or  3 spines  and  1 or  2 capillary  setae;  in  the  lower 
ones,  about  3 curved  spines,  larger  than  the  anterior  ones. 


654 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , JVemertina , anc? 


Cirratulus  (Audouinia)  Websteri  V.,  nom.  nov. 

Cirratulus  tenuis  Webst.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  25,  p.  323,  pi.  xi,  figs. 

56,  57,  1884  ( non  Verrill,  Rep.  Inv.  Vin.  Sd.,  1873). 

This  Bermuda  species  is  quite  distinct  from  A.  capitlaris , which 
seems  to  be  more  nearly  allied  to  A.  punctata  (CErst.  & Gr.),  from 
St.  Croix.  The  latter  is  said  to  have  an  interrupted  row  of  cirri  on 
the  5th  segment,  and  differs  in  other  ways. 

C.  assimilis  Mclnt.,  which  we  also  obtained  at  Bermuda,  has  two 
oblique  series  of  eyes  and  larger  branchial  cirri. 

Euclymene  V.,  nom.  nov.  Type,  Clymene  (Erstedii  Clap. 

Clymene  Savig.,  1817  ( non  Oken,  Moll.,  1815). 

The  name  Clymene  having  been  preoccupied  by  Oken,  I propose 
to  substitute  Euclymene  for  it. 

As  here  understood,  it  would  include  as  a subgenus,  Praxillella 
Ver.,  1882,  type  P.  gracilis  (Sars)  = Pr axilla,  pars,  Mgn.,  1865  ( non 
Reich.,  1853).  But  if  the  latter  cannot  well  be  distinguished  as  a 
subgeneric  group,  then  Praxillella  should  include  the  entire  genus  as 
being  the  earliest  tenable  name.  The  extended  genus  is  character- 
ized by  the  limbate  head;  funnel-shaped  anal  segment,  bordered  by 
numerous  papillae  ; and  especially  by  having  on  about  three  anterior 
setigerous  segments,  one  or  two  stout,  bent  spines,  replacing  the 
rostrate  uncini  of  the  ventral  parapodia.  The  setae  are  mostly  bilim- 
bate,  but  there  are  generally,  if  not  always,  some  smaller  pennate 
setae,  especially  in  the  first  three  fascicles.  The  uncini  have  three  to 
five  apical  hooks  in  one  row. 

The  typical  forms  seem  to  lack  a distinct,  free  thoracic  collar,  but 
some  aberrant  deep-water  forms,  that  have  been  referred  here,  have 
a collar.  They  seem  to  represent  new  genera.* 


*Clymenopsis  Y.  Type  C.  cingulata  (Ehl.)  Florida  Annel.,  Blake  Exp.,  p.  185, 
pi.  xlviii.  This  is  characterized  by  the  presence  of  a large  collar  on  the  4th 
segment,  most  prominent  beneath.  The  head  is  gibbous,  with  a very  narrow 
limbus,  and  confluent  with  the  buccal  and  following  three  segments.  Uncini 
and  anterior  spines  are  as  in  Euclymene.  Setae  bilimbate.  Anal  segment 
unknown. 

Clymenura  V.  Type  C.  cirrata  (Ehl.)  op.  cit.,  p.  182,  pi.  xlvi,  figs.  10-13. 
Head  as  in  Euclymene.  Anal  segment  elongated,  with  a circular  rim,  bearing 
4 long  cirri.  Uncini  remarkable  for  having,  above  the  large  tooth,  two  trans- 
verse rows  of  numerous  small  hooklets,  the  first  row  containing  about  9 larger 
ones,  the  2d  many  more.  The  2d,  3d  and  4th  setigerous  segments  are  elongated, 
and  each  has  a narrow  anterior  collar. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


655 


The  number  of  setigerous  segments  is  variable  (18  to  70),  but  is 
usually  from  18  to  22. 

Subgenus  Euclymene  (typical)  has  17  to  24  setigerous  segments, 
of  which  the  three  anterior  have  one  to  three  ventral  spines,  and  one, 
two,  or  three  preanal  segments,  without  setae. 

E.  zonalis  N.  — Praxilla  zonalis  V .,  1874,  is  the  only  New  Eng- 
land species. 

Subgenus  Praxillella  has  the  same  variation  in  the  number  of 
setigerous  segments,  but  has  4 or  5 achaetous  preanal  segments. 
E.  (. Praxillella ) gracilis  occurs  olf  the  northern  coast  of  New 
England. 

Among  European  species  of  Euclymene , besides  the  type,  E. 
CErstedii  (Clap.);  E.  palermitana  (Gr.) ; E.  planiceps  (Sars),  1871; 
E.  digitata  (Grube),  belong  to  this  group.  But  E.  ( Praxillella ) 
lumbricoides  (Grube);  E.  (. Praxillella ) simplex  (Clap.);  E.  ( Prax- 
illella) collaris  (Clap.);  E.  (P.)  gracilis  (Sars);  E.  (P.)  quadrilobata , 
have  the  characters  of  the  subgenus  Praxillella. 

A very  aberrant  species  from  near  Vineyard  Sound,  Mass.  ( E . 
elongata  (Lewis),  as  Clymene , Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxviii, 
p.  Ill,  pi.  1,  2,  1897),  has  a remarkably  large  number  of  segments, 
about  70  according  to  the  excellent  description  and  figures  given  by 
Miss  Lewis,  to  whom  I am  indebted  for  a specimen.  In  other 
respects  it  does  not  differ  much  from  the  more  typical  species.  But 
the  remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  segments,  so  unusual  in 
this  family,  seems  to  be  a matter  of  sufficient  importance  on  which 
to  base  a subgeneric  group,  which  I propose  to  call  Macroclymene , 
with  E.  (M.)  producta  (Lewis)  as  the  type. 

The  principal  characters  of  this  group  are  the  presence  of  a single 
preanal  non-setigerous  segment  and  of  more  than  50  setigerous  seg- 
ments, the  increase  being  in  the  postabdominal  region.  As  in  the 
typical  group,  there  are  both  bipennate  and  bilimbate  setae,  and  the 
rostrate  uncini  are  of  the  usual  form. 

Euclymene  coronata,  sp.  nov. 

A large,  stout  species,  none  of  the  examples  entire.  Head  short, 
thick,  with  distinct  transverse  and  oblique  lateral  grooves;  median 
ridge  narrow,  prominent,  with  a short  obtuse  tip;  marginal  lateral 
lobes  rather  wide,  erect,  with  a slight  lateral  notch,  above  which  the 
dorsal  margin  is  divided  into  8 or  10  small  obtuse  lobes  or  denticles. 

First  three  setigerous  segments  (as  contracted)  are  short,  subequal, 
with  a single  (sometimes  2),  stout,  acute,  slightly  bent,  yellow  ventral 


656 


A.  E.  V err  ill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , 


setae,  and  a small  fascicle  (12  to  15  on  the  3d  segment)  of  long,  very 
acute  dorsal  setae ; the  4th  and  5th  segments  are  rather  longer,  with 
long  series  of  strong,  bent,  yellow,  bearded  uncini  (about  30  on  the 
4th  segment)  ; 6th  to  8th  segments  longer;  9th  much  longer,  usually 
constricted  behind  the  tori;  10th  to  15th  and  following  segments  are 
very  long,  narrowed  anteriorly,  and  have  prominent  posterior  tori. 
Anal  segment  funnel-shaped,  the  border  surrounded  by  30  or  more 
subequal  slender  papillae. 

The  capillary  setae  are  of  three  kinds.  Usually  there  are  6 to  8 
longer  and  larger,  rather  strong,  smooth,  very  narrowly  bilimbate 
ones,  ending  in  long,  slender,  flat,  flexuous,  minutely  denticulate  tips, 
and  4-6  shorter  and  much  more  slender  ones,  with  fine  capillary  tips, 
not  limbate;  with  these  there  are  a few  very  slender,  bipennate 
setae,  slightly  flattened  and  widened  distally,  and  finely  spinulose  to 
the  acute  tips,  the  spinules  projecting  considerably. 

The  uncini  of  the  middle  region  are  stout  and  bent  back  strongly, 
with  a large,  sharp,  somewhat  incurved  rostral  hook,  and  4 small,, 
graduated,  appressed  apical  hooks,  of  which  the  4th  is  very  minute; 
apex  and  sides  are  strongly  striated  distally.  The  beard  is  long  and 
curved  strongly  backward,  it  arises  from  just  under  the  rostrate 
hook  and  contains  but  few  fibers.  The  bulb  of  the  stem  is  well 
developed. 

Color,  in  life,  bright  red,  more  or  less  distinctly  banded  with 
bluish  at  the  posterior  end  of  most  of  the  segments;  posterior  half  of 
many  segments  bright  red;  4th  with  a definite  bright  red  ring. 

Length,  in  life,  over  150mra;  diameter,  4-5mm. 

Found  at  Castle  Island  at  low-tide,  in  shell-sand. 

Clymenella  Verrill,  1873.  (Sens  ext.) 

Axiothea  Malmgren,  1865,  type  A.  catenata ; {non  Pasc.,  Coleop.,  1864). 

Clymenella  Verrill,  1873.  Pep.  on  Invert,  of  Vineyard  Sound,  etc.,  pp.  49,  314, 
pi.  xiv,  and  Annual  Rep.  U.  S.  Com.  Fish  and  Fisheries,  1874,  pp.  343,  608, 
pi.  xiv,  figs.  71-73.  Type,  C.  torquata  (Leidy). 

The  genus  Clymenella  originally  had  for  its  special  character,  to 
distinguish  it  from  Axiotliea , the  presence  of  an  evident  collar,  with  a 
wide,  free  anterior  edge,  arising  from  the  4th  setigerous  segment. 
In  all  other  characters  it  agrees  well  with  Axiothea  Mgn.,  in  which 
no  such  collar  has  been  described.  I have  since  examined  authentic 
specimens  of  Axiothea  catentata , the  type  of  the  genus  Axiothea , 
sent  from  the  Museum  of  Copenhagen,  and  found  that  it  has  a 
narrow  collar  or  fold,  both  on  the  4th  and  on  the  3d  setigerous  seg- 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


657 


ments,  but  much  less  developed  than  in  C.  torquata , when  the  latter 
has  been  equally  contracted  by  alcohol.  The  collar  is  doubtless 
much  narrower  in  life  than  in  the  latter,  but  it  is  of  the  same  nature. 

As  Axiothea  was  in  prior  use  in  Coleoptera  (Pasc.,  1864)  it  must 
be  abandoned  for  this  genus,  and  Clymenella  now  seems  to  be  its 
equivalent,  both  types  being  essentially  alike  in  all  generic  characters. 

This  genus  has  the  following  characters:  Number  of  segments 

variable.  A limbate  cephalic  plate;  a funnel-shaped  anal  plate  bor- 
dered with  papillae;  a thoracic  collar  on  the  4th  setigerous  segment, 
and  sometimes  on  the  3d  and  5th;  rows  of  ventral,  rostrate,  uncinate 
setae,  having  a series  of  apical  hooks  and  a beard,  on  all  the  anterior 
setigerous  segments;  both  pennate  and  smooth  bilimbate  capillary 
setae  in  the  upper  fascicles  (pennate  ones  overlooked  or  perhaps 
accidentally  absent  in  some  described  species);  usually  2 or  3 preanal 
segments  without  setae. 

Besides  the  type,  at  least  two  other  East  American  species  are 
known : 

G.  elongata  (Webst.)  1879,  as  Praxilla , from  New  Jersey  and 
Connecticut.  It  has  thirty-seven  to  thirty-nine  segments  (thirty- 
six  setigerous  in  the  larger  ones).  Mr.  Moore,  1893,  has  also 
described,  as  a new  species,  Clymenella  elongata  from  New  Jersey, 
which  is  probably  identical,  though  the  coincidence  in  name  was 
accidental. 

C.  mucosa  (Andrews)  as  Axiothea , Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1891, 
has  twelve  uncini  on  the  1st  setigerous  segment,  and  thirty  farther 
back.  The  anal  papillae  are  of  various  lengths. 

These  three  species  all  have  small  pennate  setae  mixed  with  the 
bilimbate  ones,  but  in  C.  torquata  the  pennate  setae  are  very  small, 
slender  and  fragile,  so  that  they  are  easily  broken  off  and  over- 
looked. 

Axiothella,  sub-gen.,  nom.  nov.  Type,  A.  catenata  (Mgn.). 

Axiothea  Malmgren,  1865;  St.  Joseph  and  others  ( non  Pasc.,  1864). 

The  name  Axiothea , as  above  shown,  is  untenable,  but  I propose 
to  establish  a subgenus,  Axiothella  for  the  typical  species  of  Axio- 
thea, making  the  smaller  or  rudimentary  condition  of  the  collar*  the 

*St.  Joseph,  op.  cit.,  p.  131,  objects  to  the  use  of  the  existence  of  a thoracic 
collar  as  a generic  character,  because  it  has  been  found  to  exist  in  species 
of  other  genera  ( Rhodine , etc.).  But  the  same  objection  would  apply  to 
the  limbate  head,  and  to  the  infundibuliform  anal  plate,  which  exist  in  several 
genera.  In  fact  it  is  probable  that  in  those  cases  where  it  exists  it  will  be  found 
to  be  associated  with  other  truly  generic  characters.  (See  p.  654.) 


658 


A.  E.  Yerrill—Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


principal  character  of  the  group.  As  in  typical  Clymenella , there 
are  pennate  setae  in  the  better  known  species,  and  perhaps  in  all,  for 
they  may  have  been  accidentally  lost  in  some  cases,  or  else  over- 
looked, owing  to  their  delicacy  and  fragility. 

Such  setae  are  known  to  be  present  in  the  following  European 
species:  Clymenella  ( Axiothella ) constricta  (Clap.);  C.  (A.)  cir- 

rifera  (Lang.);  and  C.  (A.)  lyroeephala  (Schm.)  from  Cape,  of  Good 
Hope. 

The  two  northern  species,  C.  ( A .)  prcetermissa  (Mg’n.)  and  C. 
(A.)  polaris  (Theel)  are  not  known  to  have  pennate  setae,  but  these 
may  have  been  accidentally  lost  or  overlooked. 

Clymenella  (Axiothella)  Somersi,  sp.  nov. 

A slender  species,  with  eighteen  setigerous  segments,  perhaps 
more  in  the  adults.  The  post-abdominal  segments  are  unusually 
long. 

The  head  is  rather  long,  with  a prominent  median  lobe  having  a 
produced  obtuse  tip,  with  a group  of  orange-brown  ocelli  on  each 
side  below;  marginal  lobes  thin,  rather  wide,  erect,  nearly  entire, 
those  of  the  two  sides  confluent  dorsally,  with  only  a shallow  median 
notch. 

Head  and  buccal  segment  shorter  than  the  following  two  seg- 
ments; 3d  to  5th  setigerous  segments  are  shorter;  6th  is  about  equal 
to  the  2d;  7th  to  9th  are  elongated;  10th  to  15th  are  very  long  with 
the  tori  at  the  posterior  end.  The  length  of  these  in  a small  speci- 
men is  30  to  38mm;  diameter  3 to  4mm;  the  16th  to  18th  decrease 
rapidly  in  length.  Two  short  preanal  segments  lack  setae.  There  is 
a narrow  collar  on  the  4th  setigerous  segment  and  also  on  the  5th. 

Uncini  begin  on  the  1st  setigerous  segment,  on  which  three  or 
four  stand  in  a row,  in  specimens  about  50mm  long;  four  or  five  in 
each  row  on  the  2d;  six  to  eight  on  the  4th;  longer  rows  farther 
back. 

The  caudal  segment  is  cup-shaped  with  incurved  sides  and  enlarged 
or  annulated  base;  its  margin  bears  about  twenty-four  slender  cirri, 
alternately  longer  and  shorter,  with  a distinctly  longer  one  on  the 
median  ventral  edge. 

The  capillary  setae  of  the  first  three  setigerous  segments  are  small,, 
slender,  acute,  and  nearly  all  are  distinctly  pennate  to  the  tips,  with 
rather  long  denticles;  on  the  4tli  segment  they  are  partly,  and  on 
the  5th  mostly,  replaced  by  larger  and  longer,  narrovyly  limbate, 
smooth  setae  that  taper  rapidly  to  acute  tips. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


659 


The  uncini  of  the  anterior  region  have  a large,  sharp,  rostrate 
hook,  directed  somewhat  upward,  and  three  (sometimes  four)  small 
appressed  apical  hooks. 

Color,  in  life,  is  light  red  in  the  smaller  specimens,  and  with  no 
definite  red  bands.  The  large  ones  were  yellowish  brown. 

The  tubes  are  made  of  fine  shell-sand,  and  stand  upright  in  the 
sand  at  low-tide. 

In  life  the  smaller  specimens  were  about  50mm  long  and  0.5mm  in 
diameter,  the  larger  ones  about  150ratn  long  and  4-5mm  in  diameter. 


In  consequence  of  the  modern  revisions  of  the  Maldanidae  by  St. 
Joseph  and  others,  it  will  be  necessary  to  establish  additional  generic 
groups.  The  common,  large  New  England  species  described  by  me 
(1873)  as  Maldane  elongata  cannot  be  placed  in  any  of  the 
recognized  genera,  and  I therefore  propose  to  establish  a new  genus 
for  it. 

Maldanopsis,  gen.  nov.  Type  M.  elongata  V.,  1873. 

Head  with  a well  formed  limbate  cephalic  plate,  as  in  Maldane. 
Caudal  segment  with  a wide,  prominent  foliaceous  spatulate  lobe  on 
the  dorsal  side,  and  on  the  ventral  side  a deep,  funnel-like,  anal 
opening,  surrounded  by  a distinct  semi-circular  rim,  without  den- 
ticulations,  so  that  the  anal  opening  is  inside  the  margin  of  the  anal 
plate,  and  not  outside,  as  in  Maldane.  This  plate  is,  therefore,  more 
like  that  of  Petaloproctus. 

The  anterior  setigerous  segment  has  no  uncini;  the  2d  and  3d 
have  short  rows  of  rostrate  uncini.  All  preanal  segments  bear  setae. 

Lumbriclymene  filifera  Yer. 

The  Maldane  filifera  V.,  1879,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  p.  179,  does 
not  belong  to  Petaloproctus , as  St.  Joseph  supposed,  but  rather  to 
Lumbriclymene  Sars,  1871,  but  it  differs  from  the  type,  so  that  the 
generic  characters  should  be  altered  somewhat.  Its  anal  region  con- 
sists of  a somewhat  flattened  cone,  turned  up  dorsally  and  nearly 
acute,  but  without  a limbus.  The  small  anus  is  close  to  the  tip  on 
the  dorsal  side  of  the  segment,  while  the  oblique  postero-ventral 
side  may  be  flat  or  concave.  The  head  has  a central  carina  with  a 
pit  each  side  of  it,  but  no  definite  plate  or  limbus.  The  anterior 
ventral  tori  contain  one  or  two  spiniform  setae.  The  two  short 
preanal  segments  have  small  tori,  but  no  setae. 


660 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


Praxillura  Ver.,  1879.  Type,  P.  ornata  V.,  op.  cit.,  p.  179. 

This  cannot  be  united  to  Lumbriclymene , as  St.  Joseph  has  done 
with  doubt.  It  differs  very  much  in  having  spines  on  about  seven 
anterior  segments  and  a mixture  of  spines  and  uncini  on  others ; in 
having  very  numerous  segments  (about  40);  and  in  having  the  anal 
segments  small  and  simple,  or  not  specialized  in  any  way,  with  the 
anus  terminal. 

This  is,  perhaps,  the  most  generalized  or  primitive  type  of  Mal- 
danidae  hitherto  discovered.  This  is  shown  in  the  simple  structure 
of  the  head  and  caudal  segment;  in  the  large  number  of  only 
slightly  differentiated  segments;  in  the  increased  number  of  anterior 
segments  with  simple  spines,  and  in  the  mingling  of  spines  and 
rostrate  uncini  in  intermediate  segments. 

Eupolymnia,  nom.  nov. 

Polymnia  Malmgren,  Ann.  Polychaeta,  p.  108,  1867  ( non  Muls.,  Verr.,  Birds, 
1866).  Yon  Marenz.,  1884.  St.  Joseph,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Ser.  7,  xvii,  p.  219, 
1894. 

The  above  name  is  proposed  as  a substitute  for  Polymnia , which 
was  preoccupied  in  1866. 

At  the  same  time  I propose  to  somewhat  extend  its  limits,  in 
order  to  include  a remarkable  Bermuda  species  for  which  it  seems 
necessary  to  establish  a subgenus,  Polymniella. 

As  now  understood,  this  genus  is  characterized  mainly  by  having 
the  ordinary  Terebelloid  form  of  body  and  cirri,  with  about  17-22 
anterior  segments  bearing  smooth  capillary  setae,  which  begin  on  the 
4th  body  segment.  The  uncini,  which  are  rather  simple,  begin  on 
the  5th  segment.  They  have  only  two  rows  of  apical  denticles, 
usually  with  2 and  3 in  the  rows;  a rather  long  base,  with  a tubercle 
at  each  end,  and  a lateral  tubercle  for  the  ligament;  on  some  of  the 
anterior  segments  they  form  a single  row,  but  farther  back  they  are 
in  two  rows  that  face  each  other.  The  branchiae  are  arborescent,  the 
anterior  usually  largest.  Usually  there  are  three  pairs,  arising  from 
segments  2,  3,  4,  but  in  Polymniella  the  last  is  on  the  6th  segment. 

The  very  large  Bermuda  species,  P.  magnifica  (Webst.),  see  p. 
599,  above,  is  a typical  member  of  this  genus.  It  has  over  120 
segments,  of  which  17  bear  setae,  and  three  pairs  of  large  arborescent 
gills,  the  first  pair  largest. 

Polymniella,  subgen.  nov. 

This  is  proposed  for  the  following  new  species  which  agrees  with 
Polymnia , except  in  the  arrangement  of  the  branchiae  and  anterior 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


661 


setae.  There  are  three  pairs  of  arborescent  branchiae,  but  they  are 
situated  on  segments  2,  3,  6;  segments  4 and  5 are  without  any  trace 
of  branchiae  in  both  specimens,  though  it  is  possible  that  they  may 
have  been  accidentally  lost  from  those  segments,  and  in  that  case 
there  would  have  been  five  pairs;  the  last  pair  is  larger  than  the 
others.  The  capillary  setae  begin  on  the  2d  segment  (or  first 
branchial)  and  continue  on  22  segments. 

Eupolymnia  (Polymniella)  aurantiaca,  sp.  nov. 

Cirri  long  and  slender.  The  first  segment  is  medially  emar- 
ginate  and  recedes  dorsally,  but  it  advances  in  a broad  lobe  laterally ; 
the  next  segment  also  has  a similar  lateral  lobe.  Ventral  side  with 
10  short,  transversely  oblong  glandular  shields,  with  a few  narrower 
ones  farther  back.  The  branchial  stems  are  usnally  very  short,  as 
contracted;  the  branches  are  fine  and  numerous. 

The  uncini  are  much  like  those  of  typical  Polymnia.  The  base  is 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  wide  and  rounded  anteriorly,  but 
slightly  convex,  or  even  concave,  on  the  basal*  edge.  The  rostrate 
hook  is  large,  strongly  incurved;  the  two  apical  hooks,  as  seen  in 
profile,  are  unequal,  small  and  closely  appressed;  in  a top-view  there 
is  a central,  rather  small  denticle,  and  five  much  smaller  ones,  stand- 
ing nearly  in  one  cross-row  farther  back.  The  capillary  setae  are 
long,  smooth,  slender,  scarcely  limbate,  mostly  with  delicate,  thin, 
flat,  flexuous  tips. 

Color,  in  life,  orange  red;  the  gills  blood-red.  Length  of  the 
largest  specimen,  which  is  mutilated  beyond  the  30th  segment,  in 
formalin,  50mm.  Castle  Harbor,  in  dead  corals.  Only  two 
specimens. 

Streblosoma  M.  Sars,  1871. 

Grymcea  Malmgren,  Ofver.  Kong.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.,  1865,  p.  388  (now  Fres., 
Protozoa,  1858). 

Streblosoma  M.  Sars,  Vidensk.-Selsk.  Forh.,  1871,  p.  10.  Type,  S.  cochleatum 
Sars. 

The  name  Grymcea  was  preoccupied,  and  Streblosoma  is,  appar- 
ently, the  only  tenable  name  of  this  genus. 

It  is  closely  related  to  Thelepus , but  has  three  pairs  of  clustered 
cirriform  branchiae,  and  the  capillary  setae  begin  on  the  second  seg- 
ment (1st  branchial).  All,  or  nearly  all,  the  segments  bear  setae. 

The  only  New  England  species  is  S.  spiralis  Ver.,  1874,  as 
Grymcea. 


662 


A.  JEJ.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , anc? 


The  following  Bermuda  species  differs  so  much  from  the  type  that 
it  seems  to  require  separation  as  a subgenus. 

Eugrymaea,  sub.  gen.  nov. 

Differs  from  typical  Streblosoma  in  having  4 clusters  of  cirriform 
branchiae  on  segments  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  sometimes  a few  cirri  on  the  6th 
segment.  The  capillary  setae  begin  on  the  1st  branchiferous  seg- 
ment, and  continue  on  about  35  to  45  segments,  or  nearly  to  the 
end  of  the  body. 

Streblosoma  (Eugrymaea)  polybranchia,  sp.  nov. 

Body  rather  slender.  The  two  anterior  segments  have  a lateral 
lobe  on  each  side.  Tentacular  cirri  long.  Lower  lip  small,  semicir- 
cular. The  branchiae  consist  of  four  crowded  clusters  of  long,  slen- 
der cirri  on  each  side  of  the  first  four  setigerous  segments,  with  a 
few  in  one  case  on  the  fifth;  the  first  ones  are  largest.  The  fascicles 
of  setae  begin  with  the  branchiae;  the  first  ones  are  well  developed; 
the  last  observed,  which  are  on  the  45th  segment,  are  very  small. 
Anteriorly  there  are  8-10  or  more  long,  slender  ones,  narrowly  lim- 
bate,  with  very  slender  tips,  and  about  the  same  number  of  shorter 
ones,  more  broadly  limbate  on  one  side,  much  bent  distally,  and  with 
shorter  tips.  The  fascicles  become  abruptly  smaller  beyond  the 
17th  segment.  No  pennate  setae  were  observed. 

The  uncini  begin  on  the  4th  setigerous  segment.  They  form 
simple  curved  rows  of  40  or  more  on  the  anterior  segments,  and 
shorter  rows  of  10-14  posteriorly.  They  are  minute,  about  as  long 
as  high,  with  an  elongated  base,  narrowed  anteriorly  and  ending  in 
a small  muscle-tubercle,  convex  on  the  middle  of  the  base,  but  con- 
cave on  the  posterior  margin,  which  inclines  forward,  so  that  the 
posterior  end  is  prominent  and  rounded,  with  a small  tubercle  for 
the  ligament;  rostrate  hook  large  and  only  a little  incurved;  seen  in 
profile  there  are  two  or  three  small  apical  denticles  or  hooks;  in  a top- 
view  there  is  the  central  rostral  hook  and  two  small  hooks  at  its 
base,  side  by  side,  and  one  or  three  very  minute  ones  in  a row 
farther  back,  the  middle  being  slightly  larger  and  often  the  only  one 
visible. 

Color,  in  life,  pale  flesh-color;  cirri  whitish.  Length,  in  life, 
about  40mra.  Castle  Harbor,  in  dead  corals. 

Protothelepus,  gen.  nov. 

Allied  to  Eathelepus.  The  first  segment  forms  an  erect,  plain, 
narrow  collar  around  the  bases  of  the  cirri.  A single  pair  of  long. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


663 


slender,  cirriform  branchiae;  they  arise,  close  together,  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  front  of  the  1st  distinctly  setigerous  segment;  a few 
small  setae  occur  on  the  branchial  segment.  Capillary  dorsal  setae 
are  borne  by  at  least  17  segments  (the  posterior  segments  are  want- 
ing). Series  of  ventral  uncini  begin  on  about  the  3d  setigerous 
segment  ; all  simple.  The  uncini  are  rounded  basally  and  have  no 
lateral  tubercle  ; apical  denticles  few.  A large  semicircular  lip  pro- 
jects strongly. 

Protothelepus  tenuis,  sp.  nov. 

The  two  branchiae  are  very  long  and  slender,  about  6 times  as 
long  as  the  diameter  of  the  body,  about  equal  to  the  cirri  in  diame- 
ter, and  crenulated  on  the  anterior  side.  Edge  of  buccal  collar 
nearly  even,  or  slightly  crenulated;  it  has  a few  small,  irregular 
pigment-spots  that  may  be  the  remains  of  ocelli.  The  cirri  are 
numerous,  long  and  slender,  strongly  crenulated. 

The  dorsal  fascicles  contain  8-12  setae,  which  are  distinctly  lanceo- 
late, bilimbate,  minutely  denticulate,  acuminate,  with  slender  tips; 
those  of  the  first  fascicles  are  smaller,  shorter,  and  less  flattened ; 
those  on  the  branchial  segment  are  almost  rudimentary.  A few 
small  capillary  limbate  setae  occur  on  the  21st  segment. 

The  uncini  form  short  rows  of  8-10  on  the  3d  setigerous  segment. 
They  increase  gradually  in  number  and  form  a simple  row  of  14-17 
on  segments  20-21  ; they  are  short,  with  a rounded  incurved  base 
and  obtuse  angles,  and  have  two  or  three  small  apical  hooks;  the 
large  rostral  one  is  strongly  incurved,  nearly  as  long  as  the  basal 
plate;  the  others  are  much  smaller,  being  closely  appressed  to  the 
primary  one.  In  a top-view  there  are  3 series  of  small  apical  denti- 
cles, with  1,  2,  and  3 ; or  1,  2,  and  5 ; the  last  are  very  minute. 

Length  of  the  type  (with  only  21  segments  remaining)  about 
15mm. 


Nicolea  modesta,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species  with  two  pairs  of  small,  slender,  sparingly 
branched,  stipate  branchiae;  the  second  one  smaller.  The  first  seg- 
ment forms  a low  collar,  slightly  scalloped  dorsally,  and  with  two 
rounded  lobes  on  each  side;  it  has  a row  of  small  ocelli. 

There  are  1 7 setigerous  segments,  and  about  34,  more  posterior, 
which  carry  rows  of  uncini.  The  setae  begin  on  the  2d  branchial 
segment;  uncini  begin  on  the  2d  setigerous  segment;  they  form  long 
simple  rows,  turned  forward,  on  the  first  six  segments,  but  on  several 


664 


A.  E.  Verrill — Tarbellaria , Nemertina , and 


following  ones  they  are  in  two  close,  parallel  rows,  facing  one 
another.  They  are  minute,  with  a wide  base,  broad  anteriorly;  the 
rostrate  hook  is  large,  acute;  the  two  apical  hooks  are  very  small. 
They  resemble  the  uncini  of  N.  simplex  V.  and  of  N.  venustula,  as 
figured  by  St.  John,  but  the  base  is  broader  anteriorly  than  in  the 
latter. 

The  setae  are  slender,  3 or  4 longer  and  2 to  4 smaller  and  shorter; 
all  are  slender,  smooth,  narrowly  bilimbate,  acute. 

Length,  in  formalin,  15mm.  Bailey  Bay,  low-tide. 


Loimia  Bermudensis,  sp.  nov. 

A rather  stout  species  with  three  pairs  of  large,  subequal,  truly 
arborescent  branchiae,  which  have  a rather  long  stem  and  very 
numerous  branchlets,  taking  a somewhat  conical  arrangement  when 
expanded.  The  lower  lip  is  large,  broadly  rounded,  and  projects 
freely.  There  is  also  a large  lobe  partly  behind  it  on  each  side. 
The  buccal  segment  forms  a broad  hood-like^fold  in  front  of  the 
bases  of  the  cirri.  There  are  also  two  lateral  lobes  on  each  side,  on 
the  1st  and  2d  segments,  below  the  bases*  of  the  anterior  branchiae. 
The  fascicles  of  setae  commence,  of  full  size,  on  the  3d  branchiate 
segment,  and  are  present  on  17  segments.  The  fascicles  contain 
about  32,  in  two  rows,  decreasing  gradually  in  length.  The  larger 
ones  are  scarcely  limbate,  and  taper  gradually  to  sharp  points.  They 
are  smooth  except  at  the  tips,  where  they  are,  in  most  cases,  finely 
denticulate.  The  smaller  ones  are  much  more  distinctly  pennate  on 
one  side  along  the  distal  portion.  Rows  of  uncini  begin  on  the  2d 
setigerous  segment;  the  rows  are  long,  with  very  numerous  large 
uncini,  which  on  certain  segments  stand  back  to  back  in  two  parallel 
rows,  with  a parabolic  ventral  prolongation.  They  are  higher  than 
long,  with  five  large,  sharp,  incurved  hooks,  decreasing  somewhat 
distally;  the  base  is  oblique  and  convex,  with  an  angular  posterior 
lobe  for  the  attachment  of  the  ligamental  filament  and  with  a slender 
proximal  process  for  the  muscle  attachment. 

Color,  salmon  or  pale  fiesh-color,  in  life. 

Diameter  5 to  6mm;  length  of  the  longest,  in  formalin,  45mm,. 
mutilated  posteriorly. 

The  tube  consists  of  a thin  tough  lining,  covered  with  loosely 
adherent  coarse  fragments  of  shells,  etc.  Two  specimens  were 
taken. 

Bailey  Bay,  low-tide,  under  stones. 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


665 


Polycirrus  corallicola,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species,  swollen  anteriorly,  attenuated  posteriorly, 
consisting  of  about  45  segments  in  the  type  (perhaps  immature). 
Cirri  very  numerous,  slender,  often  clavate. 

Fascicles  of  capillary  setae  are  present  on  23  segments;  rows  of 
uncini  begin  on  the  7th  setigerous  segment  and  continue  to  the  end 
of  the  body;  setae  and  uncini  are  both  present  on  17  segments;  16 
posterior  ones  have  uncini  only,  the  last  rows  with  very  few  (2  or  3) 
minute  ones,  but  they  have  filiform  posterior  ligaments. 

The  setae  are  of  two  kinds:  4-6  smooth,  slender,  narrowly  limbate, 
acute  ones,  often  bent  distally;  and  5-8  more  slender,  bipennate  ones, 
with  rather  long,  hair-like  denticles  and  very  acute  tips.  Farther 
back  each  kind  becomes  shorter,  stouter  and  fewer. 

The  uncini  are  minute,  in  single  rows,  the  longest  rows  with  about 
25;  they  are  usually  longer  than  high,  with  a long,  narrow  base, 
tapering  to  a narrow,  subacute  anterior  end,  which  terminates  in  a 
small  muscle-tubercle;  the  posterior  end  of,  the  basal  plate  is  prom- 
inent, with  a distinct  ligament-tubercle;  the  rostral  hook  is  large, 
long,  incurved,  nearly  as  long  as  the  base;  there  are  two  small 
appressed  apical  hooks,  the  second  one  very  small.  In  a top- 
view  there  seems  to  be  a row  of  three  very  minute,  distal,  apical 
denticles. 

The  color,  in  life,  is  red.  Bailey  Bay,  3-4  feet,  in  corals. 

Length  of  the  type,  10miu  ; diameter,  ]mm  in  formalin. 

Polycirrus  pennulifera,  sp.  nov. 

A small,  slender  species,  composed  of  about  65  segments,  elon- 
gated posteriorly  and  swollen  anteriorly,  with  numerous  slender, 
highly  contractile  cirri.  The  setm  are  present  on  20  segments. 
Uncini  begin  on  the  21st  in  very  small  rows  and  continue  on  about 
40,  or  close  to  the  end.  They  are  very  minute,  and  none  of  the  rows 
are  very  long  (15  or  16);  they  are  longer  than  high,  with  a long 
wedge-shaped  base,  acute  anteriorly,  with  a small  terminal  muscle- 
tubercle;  the  posterior  angle  is  rounded  and  prominent;  the  pos- 
terior upright  edge  is  concave  in  the  middle;  the  rostral  hook  long, 
very  acute,  scarcely  incurved,  considerably  shorter  than  the  base 
and  nearly  parallel  with  it;  there  are  two  small,  apical,  closely 
appressed  hooks,  the  second  very  small. 

The  setae  are  slender,  with  the  blade  flattened  and  rather  strongly 
bilimbate,  so  that  they  have  a linear-lanceolate  form,  acuminate  at 
tip ; the  limbus  is  obliquely  striated,  and  the  edge  is  minutely  pen- 


666 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


nate,  so  that  they  somewhat  resemble  narrow  feathers,  hence  the 
name.  Their  form  is  unusual  in  the  genus,  but  is  similar  to  that  of 
P.  denticulatus  St.  Joseph. 

Color,  in  life,  bright  red.  Length,  about  35mm.  In  dead  corals. 
Polycirris  luminosus,  sp.  nov. 

A third  species  of  Polycirrus  has  long,  slender,  simple  setae  on  at 
least  31  anterior  segments,  accompanied  by  long  rows  of  minute 
uncini  after  the  7th  segment. 

The  setae  are  numerous  in  the  17  anterior  fasicles,  of  two  sizes, 
the  larger  about  ^ as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  body,  very  slender, 
not  limbate,  flexuous,  tapering  to  a long  sharp  point;  the  small 
ones  are  similar  to  the  larger  ones,  and  about  as  numerous.  On  seg- 
ments 25-31  they  are  few  and  small.  Uncini  begin  on  the  8th 
setigerous  segment  and  continue  to  very  near  the  posterior  end,  being 
present  on  over  40  segments;  they  form  long  simple  series  anteriorly, 
but  back  of  the  30th  segment  they  are  on  pinnulae,  in  smaller  rows  of 
10-15,  but  with  very  distinct  posterior  capillary  ligaments.  The 
anterior  ones  are  very  minute,  longer  than  high,  with  a shoe-shaped 
base,  a little  turned  up  and  subacute  anteriorly,  and  with  a promi- 
nent heel  and  concave  sole  ; the  upright  part  is  concave  above  the 
heel ; the  large  rostral  hook  is  about  half  the  length  of  the  base, 
little  incurved  ; apical  denticles  2 or  3,  the  more  distal  ones  very 
minute.  On  the  posterior  segments  the  uncini  become  higher,  with  a 
shorter  base,  and  with  two  minute  apical  hooks  in  a side-view. 

Color  in  life,  bright  red.  It  is  brilliantly  phosphorescent  with  a 
bluish  light.  Bailey  Bay,  30-40  feet,  among  dead  corals. 


The  descriptions  of  the  two  following  very  interesting  species  have 
been  prepared  by  Miss  Katharine  J.  Bash:  — 

Sthenelais  setosa  Bush,  sp.  nov. 

Although  only  the  anterior  portion  of  an  example  belonging  to 
the  genus  Sthenelais  was  found,  it  seems  so  to  differ  from  all  the 
species  previously  described  from  the  West  Indian  and  southern 
Atlantic  faunae  as  to  deserve  description. 

The  27  segments  occupy  a length  of  about  10mm,  with  a width, 
including  the  setae,  of  3mm. 

The  cephalic  lobe  is  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  but  little  rounded 
posteriorly  and  well  rounded  anteriorly,  with  a large,  trilobed  basal 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas . 


667 


portion  of  the  median  tentacle  arising  from  the  middle  of  its  dorsal 
surface  and  reaching  well  forward.  The  central  portion,  to  which 
the  long,  smooth,  tapered,  median  tentacle  was  attached,  is  about 
three  times  as  long  as  broad,  vase-shaped,  and  attached  to  the  ceph- 
alic lobe  by  a slender,  short  stem,  with  a narrower,  shorter,  leaflike 
lateral  lobe  (ctenidium)  on  each  side.  There  are  four  eyes  ; the 
very  large  posterior  pair  are  situated  just  at  the  base  of  this  lobe  and 
the  very  small  anterior  pair  lie  just  underneath  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  lateral  lobes.  There  is  a pair  of  conspicuous  setigerous  lobes, 
reaching  forward  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cephalic  lobe,  each 
of  which  bears  a cirrus  of  moderate  length,  arising  from  its  median 
dorsal  surface,  above  which  is  a cluster  of  numerous  very  fine,  hair- 
like setae,  corresponding  in  number  and  form  to  those  of  the  dorsal 
bunch  of  the  lobes  of  the  parapodia.  Arising  from  the  ends  of  these 
lobes  are  setae  of  various  forms,  similar  to  those  of  the  ventral  bunch 
of  the  feet.  Arising  from  the  sides  of  the  head,  and  partly  consoli- 
dated with  the  cephalic  lobe,  are  a pair  of  long  setigerous  lobes  simi- 
lar in  form  to  those  on  the  following  segments.  The  first  one  is 
without  a cirrus,  but  at  its  base  is  a conspicuous  fleshy  lobe,  to  the 
upper  surface  of  which  is  attached  the  first  pair  of  scales,  or  elytra  ; 
underneath  and  reaching  out  from  the  side  of  this  lobe  is  the  short 
dorsal  cirrus  of  the  second  pair,  which  has  a large  swollen  basal  por- 
tion and  a short  tapered  end. 

Each  of  the  following  segments  is  furnished  with  a similar,  but 
larger,  dorsal  cirrus,  to  the  upper  surface  of  the  swollen  basal  por- 
tion of  which  the  elytra  are  attached  (on  segments  1,  2,  4,  6,  8,  10, 
12,  14,  16,  18,  etc.).  Only  a few  of  the  anterior  elytra  are  present. 
These,  which  have  a somewhat  rounded  form,  are  white  and  very 
thin,  with  the  posterior  edge  ornamented  with  a few  short,  unequal, 
somewhat  tapered  filaments,  and  on  the  upper  surface  having  very 
minute,  scattered  spinules.  A slender  ventral  cirrus  is  present  on 
all  the  setigerous  lobes,  those  on  the  front  of  the  head  being  much 
longer  than  the  others. 

From  the  ventral  surface  of  the  head  arise  the  tentacle  and  palpi 
(only  those  on  one  side  of  the  head  are  perfect,  but  they  were  pre- 
sumably arranged  in  pairs).  Attached  underneath  the  base  of  the 
lateral  setigerous  lobe  is  a moderately  slender,  smooth,  tapered,  lat- 
eral cirrus,  reaching  to  about  the  end  of  the  ventral  setae. 

Underneath  the  frontal,  setigerous  lobe  arises  a very  long  (3mm), 
stout,  smooth,  tapered  palpus  ; attached  to  the  side  of  this  and 
somewhat  underneath,  is  a moderately  slender,  smooth  tapered 
tentacular  cirrus,  about  as  long  as,  and  similar  to,  the  lateral  cirrus. 

Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  Vol.  X.  December,  1900. 

44 


668 


A.  E.  Verrill — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


From  near  the  center  of  the  head  and  below  these  other  organs, 
arises  a peculiar  shaped  one,  attached  to  the  head  by  a long,  slender 
stem,  having  a rounded  swollen  central  portion,  with  a moderately 
long,  rather  blunt,  articulated,  curved  terminal  portion. 

Setae  of  the  dorsal  bunch  of  one  form,  very  numerous,  like  fine 
tapered  hairs  of  graduated  lengths,  very  delicately  microscopically 
spinulose.  There  are  four  distinct  forms  in  the  ventral  bunch. 
There  are  8 or  10  in  the  lowest  series,  of  graduated  lengths,  having 
smooth,  slender,  tapered,  2-4-jointed  terminal  portions,  with  deli- 
cate bifid  tips,  affixed  in  broader,  shorter  basal  portions ; above,  a 
series  of  8-10  with  short,  broad,  graduated  terminal  portions  having 
conspicuously  curved,  bifid  ends,  affixed  in  much  broader,  very  long 
basal  portions;  above  these,  3 or  4 long,  slender  ones,  with  3-4-jointed, 
smooth,  terminal  portions  having  delicately  tapered  ends,  affixed  in 
broader,  conspicuously  spinulose  basal  portions ; above  these,  3 or 

4 shorter  stiff  ones,  conspicuously  spinulose  and  rather  broad,  with 
regular  tapered,  striated  or  delicately  banded  ends. 

Other  species  from  this  region  belonging  to  the  Sigalionidse  (Siga- 
lionina  Kinberg,  1855-58)  are  Sthenelais  articulata  Kinberg,  1855-58; 
Sigalion  Edivardsi  Kinberg,  1855-58  (=  Thalanessa  Baird,  1865)  ; 
? Sigalion  per g ament aceum  Grube,  1855  ; and  Sigalion  Pourtalesii 
Ehlers,  1887. 

The  S.  articulata  differs  in  having  long,  articulated  palpi,  a smaller 
tentacular  lobe,  and  smaller  eyes. 

Chrysopetalum  elegans  Bush,  sp.  nov. 

Two  specimens  of  a very  beautiful  species  belonging  to  the  above 
genus  were  collected  in  1-3  feet.  The  larger  one  has  about  65  seg- 
ments and  measures  15mm  in  length  and  2mm  in  greatest  breadth, 
including  the  setoe,  and  about  lmm  in  thickness. 

The  paleae  are  of  a beautiful  light  golden  color  and  are  arranged 
in  two  series  of  from  15-20  on  each  segment,  spreading  out  like  a 
bunch  of  palm  leaves,  and  from  about  the  ninth  segment  meeting 
over  the  center  of  the  back,  forming  a conspicuous  ridge  along  the 
dorsum  of  the  body.  They  have  the  form  of  long,  narrow  leaves, 
with  coarsely  serrulate  margins,  curved  upward,  and  long  spinulose 
tips;  the  center  having  coarse,  equally  separated,  longitudinal  ribs, 

5 or  6 in  number,  running  the  entire  length ; the  entire  surface  is  also 
cross-striated  and  covered  with  microscopic  granules. 

The  dorsal  and  ventral  rami  are  well-separated,  making  the  body 
somewhat  angular  in  outline.  Each  is  supported  by  a single  acicu- 
lum.  The  dorsal  one  the  shorter,  with  a prominent,  swollen,  brown- 


Annelida  of  the  Bermudas. 


669 


ish  terminal  portion,  to  which  the  rather  stout,  abruptly  tapered 
cirrus  is  attached  ; this  reaches  a little  further  than  the  paleae  and 
often  shows  a dark  color-patch  near  its  inner  end ; the  surface  of 
both  is  distinctly  microscopically  granular.  At  the  base  and  in  front 
of  this  swollen  portion,  the  setae,  about  10  in  number,  arise;  they  are 
of  one  kind,  being  similar  in  form  to  the  paleae,  but  narrower  and 
more  regularly  tapered,  and  often  have  a conspicuous  triangular 
process  attached  near  their  bases  for  their  entire  width. 

The  ventral  ramus  is  less  rounded  and  broader,  and  bears  numer- 
ous, line,  jointed  setae  of  one  form,  their  terminal  portions  being 
rather  long  and  narrow,  but  little  tapered,  finely  serrulate  along  their 
inner  edge,  with  curved  bifid  tips,  the  shafts  conspicuously  pointed 
and  longitudinally  ribbed.  The  ventral  cirrus  is  of  moderate  length, 
abruptly  tapered. 

On  the  back  of  the  head  there  are  three  pairs  of  subequal  black 
spots,  apparently  ocelli ; those  of  the  first  and  third  are  well-sepa- 
rated; those  of  the  second  pair,  which  is  midway  between  these,  are 
close  together,  nearly  touching  each  other.  On  the  perfect  example 
the  paleae  do  not  meet  in  the  center  so  that  they  are  readily  seen 
on  the  first  eight  segments. 

Only  two  other  related  species  have  been  described  from  these 
waters  : — Palmyra  elongata  Grube,  1856,  and  Bhawania  Goodei 
Webster,  1884  ; the  latter  was  also  found  by  Professor  Verrill  at 
Bermuda. 


GEPHYEJEA. 

Four  or  five  species  of  Gephyraea  were  obtained  with  large  numbers 
of  interesting  annelids,  by  breaking  up  masses  of  dead,  or  partly 
dead,  massive  corals  from  the  reefs.  Several  large  and  beautiful 
species  of  Leodice , Murphy sa , JVicidion,  and  Paramarphysa  were 
secured  in  this  manner. 

The  commonest  gephyraean  in  corals  is  Physcosoma  varians  ( = 
Phascolosoma  varians  Kef.).  It  is  1.5  to  2 inches  long,  clavate 
posteriorly,  and  thickly  covered  dorsally  with  black  or  brownish 
black  specks  and  transverse  patches,  especially  on  the  anterior  part, 
where  the  blackish  color  is  usually  crossed  by  pale  bands  of  varying 
breadth  ; ground-color  pale  salmon.  Posterior  region  closely  covered 
with  large,  conical,  brown  grains  or  papillae,  becoming  longer  near 
the  tip.  The  grains  are  lower  with  rounded  tops  on  the  mid-dorsal 
region;  smaller  and  fewer  beneath;  near  the  base  of  the  proboscis 
they  become  conical  and  crowded.  The  distal  part  of  the  proboscis 
is  surrounded  by  about  20-30  close  rows  of  minute,  black,  curved, 


670 


A.  E.  Verrill ■ — Turbellaria , Nemertina , and 


acute,  hooks,  arranged  closely  side  by  side  in  each  row  ; these  are 
followed  by  close  circular  rows  of  minute  rounded  granules,  which 
increase  in  size  proximally. 

The  integument  is  firm,  but  somewhat  translucent,  and  contains 
about  30  principal  muscular  bands,  with  irregular  smaller  ones 
between  them. 

This  species  appears  to  be  the  same  as  Sipunculus  granulatus 
Pourt.,  1851,  from  Florida,  but  it  is  probably  distinct  from  the 
European  JPhyscosoma  granulatum  (Leuck.). 

It  is  evidently  very  closely  related  to,  and  perhaps  identical  with, 
P.  Puntarenoe  (CErst  & Gr.,  1858),  described  from  St.  Croix. 

Phascolosoma  cylindratum  Kef. 

The  second  species  is  about  40mm  long  and  3-4mm  in  diameter, 
translucent  whitish,  tapering  posteriorly,  and  almost  perfectly 
smooth,  but  with  microscopic  pale  granules  posteriorly  and  with 
rows  of  minute,  obtuse  hooks  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  proboscis  ; 
tentacles  small,  papilliform.  This  was  more  abundant  in  shell-sand  at 
low-tide  and  under  stones.  The  original  type  was  from  Bermuda. 

Aspidosiphon  spinulosum,  sp.  nov. 

A third  species,  belonging  to  Aspidosiphon,  was  found  in  dead 
corals.  The  body  is  about  20mm  long;  the  probosis  24mm,  as  pre- 
served, and  slender.  The  posterior  shield  is  round,  convex,  light 
brown,  with  many  radii ; the  siphonal  shield  is  round,  dark  brown, 
covered  with  angular  chitinous  grains.  The  body  is  granulated  with 
minute  chitinous  points  close  to  the  posterior  end ; the  proboscis  is 
covered  above  with  minute  black,  sharp,  recurved  spinules,  becoming 
fewer  and  smaller  beneath.  The  large  retractor  muscles  are  attached 
far  back. 

Golfingia  elongata,  sp.  nov. 

The  fourth  species  is,  perhaps,  a Golfingia.  Its  body  is  slender, 
about  20mm  long,  2mm  in  diameter  ; the  extended  probosis  is  15-20mm 
long  and  about  lmm  in  diameter.  Color,  yellowish  brown.  The  horny 
ring  at  the  base  of  the  proboscis  is  dark  brown,  wide,  and  gibbous 
dorsally,  much  narrower  beneath,  tapered  anteriorly,  covered  with 
strong  longitudinal  and  divergent  ridges.  The  posterior  shield  is 
round,  conical,  with  fine  radial  lines.  The  proboscis  is  rugulose, 
wrinkled,  covered  with  minute,  sharp,  erect  spinules,  arranged  with- 
out order.  It  is  darker  brown  than  the  body,  which  is  white  poste- 
riorly and  smooth  for  about  £ of  its  length. 


ERRATA. 


Page  554,  line  5,  for  1876  read  1872  ; line  25,  for  1887  read  1889. 
Page  584,  line  16,  for  40  read  41  ; for  all  read  nearly  all. 

Page  584,  line  23,  for  Ophidiaster  read  Linckia. 

Page  615,  line  4,  for  P read  H. 

Page  616,  line  18,  for  Typanosyllis  read  Trypanosyllis. 

Page  666,  line  6,  for  Polycirris  read  Polycirrus. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 


Plate  LXX. 

Figure  1. — Lineus  albocinctus , sp.  nov.  Dorsal  view,  x 1%. 

Figure  la. — The  same.  Side  view  of  head.  Enlarged. 

Figure  16. — The  same.  Dorsal  view  of  head.  Enlarged. 

Figure  2. — Lineus  albonasus , sp.  nov.  Dorsal  view.  Natural  size. 

Figure  3. — Tceniosoma  curtum  (Hubr.).  Dorsal  view. 

Figure  4. — Barentsia  timida , sp.  nov.  x 10.  From  a photograph. 

Figure  5. — Pseudoceros  superbus  Lang.  Dorsal  view.  Natural  size. 

Figure  6. — Pseudoceros  pardalis,  sp.  nov.  Dorsal  view.  %. 

Figure  6a. — The  same.  Posterior  part.  Ventral  view;  a,  mouth;  b,  male 
genital  pores  ; c,  female  genital  pore  ; d,  sucker.  Enlarged. 

Figure  7. — Cistella  cistellula.  Dorsal  and  ventral  sides,  x 10. 

Figure  8. — Diazona  picta,  sp.  nov.  One  small  lobule.  About  natural  size. 
Figure  9. — Ammothea  ( Ammothella ) rugulosa,  sp.  nov.  Much  enlarged  ; from  a 
photograph. 

Figure  10. — Achelia  (?)  gracilis,  sp.  nov.  Much  enlarged  ; from  a photograph. 


Trans  Conn.  Acad.  Sci . , Vol  X 


Plate  LXX. 


A.  Hyatt  Verrill  from  nature. 


Bermuda  Marine  Invertebrates. 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF  T19E 

ISRWFRSITY  0F 1LLU01S 


